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7th Science > Body Vocabulary > Flashcards

Body Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

Skeletal system

A

The organ system whose primary function is to support and protect the body and to allow the body to move

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a constant internal state in changing environment

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2
Q

Muscular system

A

The organ system whose primary function is movement and flexibility

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3
Q

Ligament

A

A type of tissue that holds together the bones in a joint

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4
Q

Joint

A

A place where two or more bones meet

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5
Q

Tendon

A

A tough connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone or to another body part

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6
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

A collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body; the organs in this system include the heart, arteries, and veins.

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7
Q

Blood

A

The fluid that carries gases, nutrients, and wastes through the body and that is made up of platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells, and plasma

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8
Q

Lymphatic system

A

A network of organs and tissues that collect the fluid that leaks from blood and returns it to blood vessels

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9
Q

Lymph

A

The clear, watery fluid that leaks from blood vessels and contains white blood cells.

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10
Q

Lymph node

A

Small bean shaped masses of tissue that remove pathogens and read cells from the lymph

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11
Q

Artery

A

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs

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12
Q

Capillary

A

A tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in tissue

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13
Q

Vein

A

In biology a vessel that carries blood to the heart

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14
Q

Respiratory system

A

A collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide

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15
Q

Pharynx

A

Part of the respiratory system that extends from the mouth to the larynx

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16
Q

Larynx

A

Part of the respiratory system between the pharynx and the trachea

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17
Q

Digestive system

A

The organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body

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18
Q

Enzyme

A

A type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently change or destroyed

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19
Q

Esophagus

A

A long and straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

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20
Q

Stomach

A

The saclike digestive organ that is between the esophagus and the small intestine and that breaks down food by the action of muscles enzymes and acids

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21
Q

Small intestine

A

The organ between the stomach and the large intestine where most of the breakdown of food happens and most of the nutrients from food are absorbed

22
Q

Large intestine

A

The broader and shorter portion of the intestine where water is removed from the mostly digested food to turn the waste into semisolid feces or stool

23
Q

Pancreas

A

The organ that lies behind the stomach and that makes digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate sugar levels

24
Q

Liver

A

The largest organ in the body

25
Q

Excretory system

A

The system that collects and excretes nitrogenous waste and excess water from the body in form of urine

26
Q

Kidney

A

One of the organs that filter water and wastes from the blood excrete products as urine and regulates the concentration of certain substances in the blood

27
Q

Nephron

A

The unit in the kidney that filters blood

28
Q

Urine

A

The liquid excreted by the kidneys stored in the bladder and passed through the urethra to the outside of the body

29
Q

Nervous system

A

The structures that control the actions and reactions of the body in response to stimuli from the environment

30
Q

Brain

A

The organ that is the main control center of the nervous system

31
Q

Spinal cord

A

A Column of nerve tissue running from the base of the brain through the vertebral

32
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell that is specialized to recurve and conduct electrical impulses

33
Q

Axon

A

An elongated extension of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body

34
Q

Dendrite

A

Branch like extensions of a neuron that receives impulses from neighboring neurons

35
Q

Endocrine system

A

A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis

36
Q

Hormone

A

A substance that is made in one cell or tissue and that causes a change in another cell and tissue in a different part of the body

37
Q

Gland

A

A group of cells that make chemicals for use elsewhere in the body

38
Q

Uterus

A

In female placemental mammals the hollow muscular organ in which an embryo embeds itself and develops into a fetus

39
Q

Ovary

A

In the female productive system of animals , an organ that produces eggs

40
Q

Egg

A

A sex cell produced by a female

41
Q

Embryo

A

In humans, a developing individual from first division after fertilization through the tenth week of pregnancy

42
Q

Placenta

A

The partly fetal and partly maternal organ by which materials are exchanged between a fetus and the mother

43
Q

Umbilical cord

A

The rope like structure through which blood vessels pass and by which developing mammal is connected to the placenta

44
Q

Fetus

A

A developing human from the end of the tenth week of pregnancy until birth

45
Q

Pathogen

A

A microorganism, another organism, a virus, or a protein that causes diseases

46
Q

Immune system

A

The cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body

47
Q

Macrophage

A

An immune system cell that engulfs pathogens and other materials

48
Q

T cell

A

An immune system cell that coordinates the immune system and attacks many infected cells

49
Q

B cell

A

A white blood cell that makes antibodies

50
Q

Antibody

A

A protein made by B cells that blinds to a specific antigen

51
Q

Immunity

A

The ability to resist or recover from an infectious disease

52
Q

Vaccine

A

A substance that is prepared from killed or weakened pathogens or from genetic material and that is introduced into a body to produce immunity

7th Science (8 decks)

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