Anterior Abdominal Wall Picture Cards

Question 1

Note where you would palpate the spleen, liver, ascending and descending colon. Take note of the subcostal and intertubercular planes and the linea semilunaris planes.

Answer 1

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Question 2

Name the hernia.

Answer 2

umbilical hernia

Question 3

Name the hernia and some key features/things to know

Answer 3

lumbar hernia - superior to the middle iliac crest into an area known as Petit’s triangle

Question 4

Name the hernia and some key features/things to know.

Answer 4

direct inguinal hernia - medial to the deep epigastric vessels, superior to the inguinal ligament, does not go through inguinal canal.

Question 5

Name the hernia and some key features/things to know.

Answer 5

Indirect inguinal hernia - lateral to the deep inferior epigastric vessels and superior to the inguinal ligament

Question 6

Name the nine abdominal regions and the two lines of division as noted.

Answer 6

1. Right hypochondriac region
2. Epigastric region
3. Left hypochondriac region
4. Umbilical region
5. Right flank region
6. Left flank region
7. Subcostal plane
8. Intertubercular plane
9. Left inguinal region
10. Right inguinal region
11. Pubic region

Question 7

Name all the coverings of the spermatic cord and testis and what layers of the abdominal wall each corresponds to.

Answer 7

From superficial to deep:

Dartos fascia - from Scarpa’s fascia

External spermatic fascia - from external oblique fascia

Cremaster fascia - from internal oblique fascia

Internal spermatic fascia - from the transversus abdominis muscle fasica

Question 8

Answer 8

Peritoneum

Question 9

Name the nerves.

Answer 9

Iliohypogastric nerve

Question 10

Answer 10

Superficial epigastric arteries

Question 11

Answer 11

1. Medial umbilical folds
2. Median umbilical folds

Question 12

Note: It is not highlighting a vein or artery

Answer 12

Lateral umbilical folds

Question 13

Answer 13

Inferior epigastric arteries

Question 14

Also name what this artery arises from.

Answer 14

Superior epigastric arteries - arises from the internal thoracic arteries

Question 15

Answer 15

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 16

Also state what these arteries arise from.

Answer 16

Testicular arteries - arise from the anterior aorta

Question 17

Answer 17

Deep iliac circumflex artery

Question 18

Answer 18

1. Genitofemoral nerve
2. Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve
3. Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Question 19

Answer 19

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 20

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, and innervation.

Answer 20

Transversus abdominis

Origin: 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ASIS, iliopsoas fascia

Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest

Innervation: intercostal nerves 7-12

Question 21

Answer 21

Rectus sheath

Question 22

Name the muscle, innervation, origin, insertion, and action.

Answer 22

Rectus abdominis.

Innervated by intercostal nerves T5-12.

Originates on the pubis.

Insertion is the 5th to 7th intercostal cartilages, xiphoid process of sternum.

Action is to tense the abdominal wall and flex the spine.

Question 23

Name the muscle, innervation, origin, insertion, and describe the direction of the muscle fibers.

Answer 23

Internal oblique.

Innervated by intercostal nerves T7-12, iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve (L1).

Origin is the thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, and iliopsoas fascia.

Insertion is the 10th to 12th ribs (lower borders) and linea alba.

The fibers run in a superoanterior direction from their posterior origin.

Question 24

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, innervation, and in what direction the muscle fibers run.

Answer 24

External oblique muscle.

Origin is the 5th through 12th ribs, insertion is the linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior iliac crest.

Innervated by intercostal nerves T7-11 and subcostal T12 nerve.

Fibers run in an inferomedial direction anteriorly from the origin (like putting your hands in front pockets)

Question 25

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, and innervation.

Answer 25

Pyramidalis.
Origin: pubis
Insertion: linea alba
Nerve: subcostal T12

Question 26

What is this structure called? What is a hernia called if it goes through this?

Answer 26

Deep inguinal ring. Indirect inguinal hernias go through this, so the neck of the hernia is lateral to the epigastric vessels and travels over the inguinal ligament.

Question 27

What is a hernia called that pops out here?

Answer 27

Direct inguinal hernia. Note that the neck will be medial to the epigastric vessels and above the inguinal ligament.

Question 28

What is this circle called? What are those vessels? What is type of hernia goes through this hole?

Answer 28

Femoral ring, femoral artery and vein. Femoral hernias go through this.

Question 29

Which nerve supplies sensation to each area?

Answer 29

1. Subcostal nerve (T12)
2. Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
3. Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
4. Genitofemoral nerve, femoral branches (L1, L2)
5. Genitofemoral nerve, genital branches (L1, L2)
6. Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
7. Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

Question 30

Name the arteries

Answer 30

1. Inferior epigastric arteries
2. Superficial epigastric arteries