Chapter 6 Flashcards
What are the four types of prosecutors?
- ) US attorneys and their assistants
2. ) State attorneys general (sometimes)
3. ) District Attorneys (DAs) and their deputies
- State and federal
- Job to advise those of their rights
4. ) City Attorney
New strategic focus means that prosecutors are concerned with:
- Reducing crime
- Cooperation with others
What was the original reason for the creation of the juvenile court system?
Parents patriae (“state as parents”)
What is Parents patriae?
the court will serve as guardians of a juvenile if needed
Roper v. Simmons
The supreme court ruled that the death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment for
anyone under the age of 18
-brain not fully developed until 24, especially under 18 since frontal lobe is not fully
developed----- do not know fully what is wrong and how to execute self control
Boston’s operation ceasefire
Inform gang members through meetings with them
- Method to reduce gun violence
- response to an increase in gun violence
Richmond, Virginia’s Project Exile
- three-pronged approach to gun violence
- Results: 57% decline in gun homicide (1991-2004)
- could have from other things as well- A response to increased gun homicide - public advertising
Texas Exile
- Partnership and community outreach
- program taken from project Exile
Project Safe Neighborhoods
-5 elements
Purpose: Reduce gun violence through inter-agency partnerships
Increased communication between federal and state agencies
Five elements :
1. ) Partnerships
2. ) Strategic planning (hot spots, mapping)
3. ) Training
4. ) Outreach (to community, PSA)
5. ) Accountability
Did reduce crime
Criminal notifications meetings came from what?
project safe neighborhoods
Community prosecution
Intended to improve cooperation and collaboration between prosecutors and individuals outside the CJ system
Neighborhood Prosecution Unit in San Diego, CA
- hold weekly meetings with community to discuss ways of life issues
- their to answer questions in community
- Can use criminal law to addresses issues
Deferred Prosecution
Requires defendants to pleas guilty and then, upon completion of a diversion and/or treatment program, the plea will be removed from their record
Delaying criminal charges until the suspect completes some obligation
- Diversion is Diff---- does not involve prosecutors decisions--- taken out of system completely
- Would involve going to complete something (probation, treatment) and if completed then avoid criminal charges
Deferred Prosecution Critiques
Ethical gray areas
- forcing yourself to plead guilty to avoid going to trial
- violation of 5th amendment
What is the effectiveness and an example of Deferred Prosecution?
Brooklyn’s Drug treatment Alternative to Prisons (DTAP) program
Effectiveness?
lead to a large reduction in arrests and re-convictions--- less likely to relapse and return to prison or jail
- more likely to complete treatment
- more likely to be employed then before treatment
- cost effective (same cost as imprisonment)
- decrease in long term expenses (relapse, rearrests)
