Chapter 10 Flashcards
Probation
offender serves times in community under supervision
-alternative to incarceration
Parole
period of early release for prison inmate
Probation organization serve what dual role?
- protection of public safety
- rehabilitation (treatment)
Probation judicial or executive?
- discretion
- executive: state (similar to police )—– more on protection
- judicial: controlled by the judge—— more on treatment
Parole is what kind of act?
What dual roles does parole serve?
an act of administration
-Parole usually administered under the state department of Corrections (executive)
Parole dual roles
- supervision - rehabilitation
What are the two types of parole and probation conditions?
Example?
- ) Reform conditions
- ) Control conditions
Examples?
- Work regularly - support dependents - submit to drug testing
Caseloads and crime research
Researchers have looked at this relationship at both the micro- and macro- level
The result?
- negative findings in micro-level studies (caseload has no effect on crime) - positive findings at macro-level studies (caseload does effect crime)
Are parolees equipped to reenter society?
No, because:
- treatment needs not met - employers hesitant to hire (or barred from hiring) parolees - attempts to help this: - "ban the box" ---- get rid of box for previous felonies on job applications - Rights stripped away - can't vote - grounds for divorce - cannot read any government benefits - depends on where they live
Consequences of prisoner reentry
Employment issues
Family break-ups from prison
-abusive parent incarceration has a positive influence on child
-a parent close to there child in prison has adverse effects on child
Community effects
-find new ways to commit a crime
Health problems
- generally have more health problems then rest of society - HIV
Improving probation and parole
Carefully supervise the most dangerous offenders
Deliver quality treatment
Identify and respond quickly to violations
Establish credible intermediate sanctions
Adopt community-centered approach
Project Hope in Hawaii
- drug treatment program
- did not pass a random drug test go straight to jail for 1-2 nights
- responding immediately
- after failing 1-2 tests offenders were clean
Boston’s reentry initiative
- Goal: reduce recidivism among recently released high-risk violent offenders
- Mentoring, social services, and vocational development
- starts in jail and continues once they are out
- Participants 30% vs 50% less likely to be arrested for new violent crime
Intermediate Sanctions
Sanctions that are more punitive than traditional probation but less punitive than prison
Relatively new
Intended to improve on traditional community corrections
The net widening problem
-political risk aversion?
More and more people are being put under some form of social control
- too much control over you---- rebel - labeling - surrounded by people who are higher risk offenders can make you a worse offender
Political risk aversion: throw more programs at the issue
Community restraints in offenders?
community restricts the mobility of known offenders