lymphatic system exam 2

Question 1

what is the term for organs that are associated with lypmph fluid?

Answer 1

lypmhatic system

Question 2

what is lymph fluid?

Answer 2

lypmph is fluid inside lymphatic vessels same as interstitial fluid.

Question 3

what is interstitial fluid?

Answer 3

fluid that surrounds all tissues or all organs in body. Is blood plasma without proteins. It is forced out of capillaries into tissues by blood pressure. Must be put back into blood.

Question 4

what is a set of tubes (like veins) to drain interstitial fluid from tissues and put it back into the circulatory system?

Answer 4

lymphatic vessels

Question 5

what are tiny lymphatic vessels in tissues that have slit like valves that let fluid in but not out and they drain fluid from tissues?

Answer 5

lymphatic capillaries

Question 6

what are collecting vessels ?

Answer 6

They get fluid from lymphatic capillaries. Have valves like veins. Empty lymph into lymphatic trunks and run through lymph nodes.

Question 7

what are large vessels that grain large areas of the body and empty into lymphatic ducts?

Answer 7

lymphatic trunks includes lumbar trunk, intestinal trunk, bronchomediastinal trunk, subclavian trunk, and the jugular trunk.

Question 8

what are the lymphatic ducts and what do they do?

Answer 8

thoracic trunk and right lymphatic duct. get lymph from trunks

Question 9

what is the thoracic trunk?

Answer 9

gets lymph from left side of head and thorax, left arm, and entire body below diaphragm. (a lymphatic duct)

Question 10

what gets lymph from right side of head and thorax and right arm then empties into right subclavian vein?

Answer 10

right lymphatic duct

Question 11

what are contractions of skeletal muscle that squeeze lymphatic vessels and force lymph forward to prevent backflow of lymph?

Answer 11

lymph flow

Question 12

what are primary lymphatic tissues?

Answer 12

tissues in contact with developing lymphocytes

Question 13

what type of primary lymphatic tissue is located in flat bones, lymphocytes are made here?

Answer 13

red bone marrow

Question 14

what is the function of the thymus gland?

Answer 14

function- immature T-cells lymphocytes travel to thymus gland to mature. thymus gland also secretes hormones to help in formation of T-cells.

Question 15

describe the location and anatomy of the thymus:

Answer 15

location- shrinks at puberty, sits on the heart.
anatomy:
1. thymic lobes, 2 sections joined at the mid line
2. capsule- connective tissue covering over entire gland
3. trabeculae extensions of the capsule that divide lobes into lobules.
4. cortex- is the outer layer of tissue made of tightly packed lymphocytes.
5. medulla- inner most tissue, loose lymphocytes and epithelial cells arranged in follicles (or corpuscles) that secrete the hormones into the blood.

Question 16

what is the secondary lymphoid tissue?

Answer 16

organs that contain MATURE lymphocytes.

Question 17

what are structures arranged along collecting vessels in groups? (There is a lot in neck, arm pit, aorta,and public area.)

Answer 17

lymph nodes

Question 18

what do lymph nodes do?

Answer 18

filter lymph

Question 19

what is the structure of lymph nodes?

Answer 19

1. capsule- connective tissue covering the node
2. trabeculae- extend through the capsule into the node
3. stroma- frame work made of capsule, trabeculae & reticular fibers gives the node its shape.
4. cortex- most superficial layer, next to capsule and trabeculae. made of densely packed lymphocytes.
5. medulla- deep tissue layer less dense, formed by lymphocytes. has open space. containing strings of lymphocytes called medullary cords.

Question 20

describe lymph flow:

Answer 20

lymph enters through affarent lymphatic vessels. lymph flows through cortex and medulla. lymph exits node through effarent lymphatic vessels located at hilus.

Question 21

what is the function and location of the spleen?

Answer 21

removes worn out RBC’s from blood cells before they burst.

it is located upper left of the abdomen next to diaphragm.

Question 22

what is the anatomy of the spleen?

Answer 22

1. capsule- connective tissue covering

2. paranchyma- tissue inside spleen

Question 23

what is mostly lymphocytes around arteries?

Answer 23

white pulp

Question 24

what is red pulp?

Answer 24

tissue around venous sinuses formed of lymphocytes and macrophages. contains open spaces, contain splenic cords, strings of spleen tissue in sinuses.

Question 25

what are lymphatic nodules?

Answer 25

they are lymph nodes without a capsule or trabeculae. exist in the mucosa of the GI tract.
filter fluid absorbed from the GI tract. fight pathogens. (like lymph node)
form MALT stands for mucosa associated lymphoid tissue.

Question 26

what are 5 lymphoid nodules at the juncture of oral cavity and pharynx?

Answer 26

tonsils

Question 27

what are the types of tonsils?

Answer 27

1. pharyngeal tonsil (1, back wall of nasal pharynx upper part of throat)
2. lingual tonsils (2)( at the base of the tongue)
3. palatine tonsils- at the back of oral cavity