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Anatomy > the urinary system: test 3 > Flashcards

the urinary system: test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A

the sit on posterior abdominal wall under the peritoneum (not visible unless peritoneum is removed) at level of T12-L3

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2
Q

what is the renal fascia?

A

it is dense irregular connective tissue attaching kidneys to abdominal wall (external kidney)

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3
Q

what is the term for adipose tissue (fat) surrounding kidney under renal fascia, it protects the kidney from trauma?

A

adipose capsule (external kidney)

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4
Q

what is the renal capsule?

A

it is a layer of connective tissue covering the kidney like skin (external kidney)

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5
Q

what is the opening on the medial side of the kidney lets blood vessels in and out and lets urine out?

A

renal hilus (external kidney)

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6
Q

what is the outer most tissue of the internal kidney?

A

renal cortex (internal kidney)

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7
Q

what is the inner tissue of the kidney that is broken into cone shaped segments called renal pyramids?

A

renal medulla (internal kidney)

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8
Q

what are the nozzle like structures at tips of renal pyramids that urine comes out of?

A

renal papilla (internal kidney)

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9
Q

what are renal columns?

A

they are areas of cortex tissue between the renal pyramids (internal kidney)

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10
Q

what is the renal sinus?

A

it is the hollow area inside the kidney, renal hilus leads into renal sinus (internal kidney)

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11
Q

what is the connective tissue bag that is located in the renal sinus, it collects urine and it is continuous with the ureter?

A

renal pelvis (internal kidney)

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12
Q

what are minor calyces?

A

extensions of the renal pelvis that wrap around renal papilla and collect urine. (internal kidney)

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13
Q

what is major calyx?

A

larger tubes formed by the juncture of 2 or 3 minor calyces takes urine to renal pelvis (internal kidney)

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14
Q

what are nephrons?

A

they are microscopic filtering units of kidney

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15
Q

what is the glomerulus (renal corpuscle)?

A

ball of fenestrated (leaky) capillaries. afferent arteriole BRINGS blood to glomerulus
efferent arteriole takes blood AWAY from glomerulus
it filters excess fluid, ions h+ and waste products from blood

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16
Q

what is the glomular capsule (renal corpuscle)?

A

it is a cup like structure of epithelial and connetive tissue around glomerulus. catches fluid and sends it to nephron tubule

17
Q

what turns fluid into urine and has 3 parts?

A

nephron tubule

18
Q

what is the proximal convoluted and the distal convoluted tubule?

A

its one of the parts of the nephron tubule

19
Q

what is the nephron loop?

A

it stats in cortex enters medulla, returns to cortex (part of the nephron tubule)

20
Q

what is the collecting duct?

A

it collects urine from several nephrons, travels down medulla to papilla duct.

21
Q

what is the papilla duct?

A

takes urine through renal papilla and into pelvis.

22
Q

what is the tube from the kidneys that carries urine to the bladder (no sphincters?)

A

ureters

23
Q

what is the mucosa of the ureters?

A

it is columnar epithelium that secretes alkaline mucus

24
Q

what is the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the ureters?

A

muscularis

25
Q

what is the adventitia of the ureters?

A

it is fibrous connective tissue to hold the ureters in place

26
Q

where is the urinary bladder located ?

A

anterior pelvic floor

27
Q

what is the structure of the urinary bladder?

A

it is a bag of muscle that holds the urine in lower pelvis its has openings:

a) urethral openings from uterus
b) internal urethral orifice opening to urethra

28
Q

what is the trigone?

A

it is the triangle on floor of bladder formed by openings

29
Q

what is the mucosa of the urinary bladder?

A

it is transitional epithelium allows stretching, secretes alkaline mucus.

30
Q

what is 3 layers of smooth muscle (like stomach) called detrusor muscle)?

A

muscularis of the urinary bladder

31
Q

what is adventitia of urinary bladder?

A

“like ureter”

32
Q

what is the urethra

A

it is a tube like structure from bladder to opening

33
Q

the urethra has 2 openings what are they?

A

a) internal urethra orifice at bladder

b) external urethral orifice to outside

34
Q

what is the internal urethral sphincter?

A

at junction of bladder made of smooth muscle

35
Q

what is the external urethral sphincter?

A

further down urethra, skeletal muscle

36
Q

what is the histology of the urethra?

A

just like the ureters but has no adventitia

Anatomy (31 decks)

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