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ch 201 > Test 2 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Test 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

cosmologists

A

study the large scale properties of the universe as a whole; use scientific method to understand origin, evolution, and ultimate fate of universe; beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature and traditions of creation

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2
Q

sophists

A

orators, public speakers, mouths for hire in oral culture; skilled in rhetoric; promoted ideas of relativism and subjectivism

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3
Q

Euthyphro

A

religious expert; attempted to define piety or holiness; attempts to lay manslaughter charges against his father; socrates wants to learn from him to help in his own trial

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4
Q

Socrates’ daimon

A

a voice that socrates heard from the gods or an angel; his daimon relates the will of god; told him when not to do something

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5
Q

gadfly

A

person who upsets the status quo; poses upsetting or novel questions; used to describe socrates relationship of uncomfortable goad to the athenian political scene

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6
Q

Theory of Recollection

A

all learning is recollection; can be reminded of one thing by being made conscious of another thing; talked about in phaedo; inquiry is either unnecessary or impossible

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7
Q

pietas

A

sense of duty and obligation to family; religious behavior; devotion; chief virtues among ancient romans

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8
Q

Romulus

A

rhea conceived him and remus by god mars; amulius had them abandoned to die in tiber river but nursed by a wolf; grew up to found Rome; created its first legions and senate

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9
Q

Augustus

A

founder of roman empire and first emperor; caesar’s will named him his adopted son and heir; restored outward facade of the free republic

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10
Q

Etruscans

A

the people of ancient italy in the areas corresponding to tuscany, umbria, and lazio; indigenous population; influenced roman culture

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11
Q

Brutus

A

politician of late roman republic; leading role in assassination of caesar; settled in crete

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12
Q

Lucretia

A

raped by etruscan king’s son; committed suicide’ both immediate causes of the revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established the roman republic

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13
Q

Carthage

A

juno’s favorite city; dido is the queen of the city; enemy to rome; founded by refugees from tyre

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14
Q

Julius Caesar

A

amass power over rome through populist tactics; assumed control of roman government; assassinated by group of rebellious senators

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15
Q

Juno

A

roman goddess of marriage and queen of the gods; greek equivalent is hera; patron goddess of rome and roman empire; tried to keep aeneus from reaching rome

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16
Q

Jupiter

A

roman god of sky and thunder; greek equivalent is zeus; chief deity of roman state religion

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17
Q

Neptune

A

god of freshwater and sea; greek equivalent is poseidon; worshipped by romans also as god of horses

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18
Q

Venus

A

roman goddess whose functions encompassed love, beauty, sex, fertility, prosperity, and desire; mother of aeneas; greek equivalent to aphrodite

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19
Q

Amor/Cupid

A

disguises himself as lulus, aeneas’ son; beguiles dido to fall in love with aeneas; embodied desire

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20
Q

Mercury

A

patron god of financial gain, commerce, eloquence, travelers, boundaries, luck, trickery and thieves; guide of souls to underworld; greek equivalent is hermes; convinces aeneas to sail from carthage

21
Q

Anchises

A

father of aeneas; presents events to aeneas in the underworld that will lead to rome’s pinnacle; makes aeneas understand his historical role

22
Q

Ascanius/Iulus

A

son of aeneas and creusa; symbol of aeneas’s destiny, his future of founding the roman race; helps defend trojan camp from turnus when father is away

23
Q

Dido

A

queen of carthage; didn’t want to remarry after first husband; made to fall in love with aeneas; kills herself when he leaves

24
Q

Sibyl

A

priestess at the temple of apollo; warns aeneas that more trials await in italy; brings aeneas to the underworld to see his father

25
Q

Latinus

A

king of the latins; encourages aeneas to become a suitor of his daughter lavinia; doesn’t hold strict command over his people

26
Q

Amata

A

queen of laurentum and wife of latinus; opposes marriage of lavinia to aeneas; loyal to turnus; kills herself when she sees aeneas is destined to win

27
Q

Lavinia

A

latinus’s daughter; object of the trojan-latin struggle; key to future relations between matins and trojans

28
Q

Evander

A

king of planate and father of pallas; sworn enemy of latins; aeneas befriends him and secures his assistance in the battles against turnus

29
Q

Pallas

A

son of evander; dies in battle at the hands of turnus; aeneas slays turns to avenge his death

30
Q

Turnus

A

lavinia’s leading suitor; wages war against the trojans when aeneas is a suitor to lavinia; values honor over his life; kills pallus

31
Q

Avernus

A

entrance to the underworld; the remains of the temples of apollo and jupiter; a lake made by a crater

32
Q

Saturn

A

father of the gods; greek equivalent is chronos; king of olympus until jupiter overthrew him

33
Q

Second Temple period

A

lasted between 530 BC and 70 AD; sects of pharisees, sadducees, essenes, and zealots were formed during this period; ended with the first jewish-roman war and roman destruction of jerusalem and the temple

34
Q

theocratic state

A

form of government in which clergy have official recognition as the civil ruler; official policy is governed by officials regarded as divinely guided; a form of government in which god of a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler

35
Q

Torah

A

central concept in the religious judaic tradition; the first five books of the twenty four books of the tanakh; means instruction and offers a way of life for those who follow it; consists of the foundational narrative of the jewish people

36
Q

eschatology

A

part of theology concerned with the final events of history, or the ultimate destiny of humanity; the end of the world; theological science concerned with ‘the four last things: death, judgement, heaven, and hell’

37
Q

apocalypse

A

the end of the world; the ultimate victory of good over evil and the end of the present age; the angel brings forth the revelation

38
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

good and evil have distinct sources, with evil trying to destroy the creation of mazda, and good trying to sustain it; belief in personal afterlife, resurrection of the dead.

39
Q

Moshiah

A

priests and kings who were traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil; rule the jewish people during the messianic age; will be descended from his father through the line of king david; gather the jews back into the land of israel

40
Q

Dead Sea Scrolls

A

In caves above Dead Sea, represents a wide variety of religious thought, a bible was unknown in this period

41
Q

Book of Jubilees

A

claims to present the history of the division of the days of the law, of the events of the years, the year-weeks, and the jubilees of the world; claimed to be dictated by Moses to God; according to this book which presented as superior to the Torah, one main concern with the effect of the lunar to a solar calendar when determining feasts.

42
Q

Pharisees

A

flexible and open to the ideas of the resurrection of the dead and the judgement of the individual, interested in Halach (the proper interpretation of the Torah), primary rivals of the early Christians

43
Q

Rabbinic Judaism

A

created the belief that each home was like the temple after the second temple was destroyed, Torah=written law given to Moses at Sinai and written down by Moses, oral law= given to moses by God and passed down orally from one teacher to the next.

44
Q

Simon Peter

A

one of twelve apostles of jesus christ; confessed jesus as the messiah; would deny jesus three times before cockcrow

45
Q

Caiaphas

A

organized plot to kill jesus; jewish high priest; interrogated jesus looking for “false evidence”

46
Q

Pilate’s wife

A

sent message to pilate asking him not to condemn jesus to death; thought jesus was innocent; had a dream about it

47
Q

Sadducees

A

accepted only written law of moses; one of three main jewish political and religious movements during second temple period; maintained the temple

48
Q

Mary Magdalene

A

traveled with jesus as one of his followers; present at the crucifixion and the resurrection; jesus had cast seven demons out of her

ch 201 (6 decks)

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