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JL Respiratory > Buzzwords > Flashcards

Buzzwords Flashcards

0
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

Most likely pneumonia

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1
Q

Stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural effusion

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2
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated Prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion (A, B, C, D, E)

A

Pulmonary oedema

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3
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

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4
Q

Ziehl-Neelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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5
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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6
Q

Apical disease

A

Most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesions is called an Assmann focus!

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7
Q

Miliary Tuberculosis

A

Spread of organism into the bloodstream. If organism spread via pulmonary artery, miliary dessemination into the lung occurs. If organims spread via pulmonary vein, there is systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen and kidneys

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8
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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9
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

A

Caused by chlamydophila psittaci

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10
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

A

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)

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11
Q

Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana

A

Probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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12
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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13
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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14
Q

D sign on X-ray

A

Empyema

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15
Q

Steeple sign on X-ray

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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16
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

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17
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with co-tramoxazole [+/- prednisolone if severe])

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18
Q

Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s triad

19
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

20
Q

Red jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

21
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

22
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

23
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

Classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

24
Q

Morning headache

A

Hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates

25
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

26
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

27
Q

Small-cell carcinoma

A

Neuroendocrine, highly malignant and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

28
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoid

29
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar regions

A

Silicosis

30
Q

Heart-failure cells seen in alveolar spaces

A

Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema and associated (severe) left-ventricular heart failure. Also seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension

31
Q

Ghon focus

A

An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura - found in tuberculosis infection. Note: Ghon focus rupture (rare) through the visceral pleura into the pleural cavity will produce tuberculosis pleurisy.

32
Q

Assmann focus

A

Apical lesion of secondary tuberculosis infection

33
Q

Coin lesion found on chest radiographs

A

A rounded solitary lesion. The common lesions are: primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour (especially of kidney), bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess.

34
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast’s tumour. Signs include: ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of face. This is due to invasion of the cervical sympathetic chain.

35
Q

Acute management of asthma: OSHIT MAN

A 
Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask
Salbutamol nebulised back-to-back
Hydrocortisone IV or prednisolone PO
Ipratropium Bromide nebulised hourly
Theophylline IV or aminiophylline IV
Magnesium and call an
Anaesthetist
36
Q

Thumbprint sign on head x-ray

A

Epiglottitis

37
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

Pertussis

38
Q

Snow storm appearance on x-ray

A

Baritosis, silicosis

39
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD: iSOAP

A 
i - ipratropium
S - Salbutamol
O - Oxygen
A - Amoxicillin
P - Prednisolone
40
Q

Non-smoker and lung cancer =

A

Peripheral adenocarcinoma

41
Q

Squamous and small-cell lung cancers =

A

CENTRAL

42
Q

High d-dimers

A

Suspect (but not diagnose) pulmonary embolism (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)

43
Q

Low d-dimers

A

Exclude pulmonary embolism

44
Q

Large PE

A

Thrombolysis

45
Q

Small PE

A

Low molecular weight heparin

46
Q

PE risk factors (8 H’s)

A 
Hereditary e.g. factor V Leiden
History - previous DVT or PE
Hypomobility e.g. fracture or long trip
Hypovolaemia e.g. dehydration
Hypercoaguability e.g. smoking
Hormones e.g. Oestrogen
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Hyperviscosity states e.g. malignancy , post surgery

JL Respiratory (27 decks)

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