Microbiology

Question 1

Describe haemophilus influenze?

Answer 1

Small gram negative bacillus

Question 2

How do you identify haemophilus influenze?

Answer 2

X and V test (it requires both to grow)

Question 3

How do you diagnose acute epiglottitis?

Answer 3

Blood culture

Question 4

How do you treat acute epiglottitis?

Answer 4

ITU and ceftriaxone

Question 5

Nmae 3 common bacterial organisms that are associated with acute exacerbations of COPD?

Answer 5

Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 6

Name 3 causal bacteria for chronic respiratory infection in CF?

Answer 6

Staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia

Question 7

The bacterial organism that causes pertussis?

Answer 7

Bordetella pertussis

Question 8

Give 4 clinical features of pertussis?

Answer 8

1. Acute tracheobronchitis
2. Cold like symptoms for two weeks
3. Paroxysmal coughing (2 weeks) - repeated violent exhalations with sever inspiratory whoop, vomiting is common
4. Residual cough for month or more

Question 9

3 ways to diagnose pertussis?

Answer 9

1. Pernasal awab (charcoal blood agar/Bordet-Gengou medium)
2. PCR
3. serology

Question 10

Where is legionnaires disease an infection of?

Answer 10

The lungs

Question 11

The 5 causative organisms of CAP, in order of prevelance

Answer 11

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae (70%)
2. Atypical/viruses (20%)
3. Haemophilus influenzae (5%)
4. Staphylococcus aureus (4%)
5. Other bacteria (1%)

Question 12

How would you describe Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Answer 12

Gram positive cocci in paris/short chains

Question 13

What is the culture for streptococcus pneumoniae?

Answer 13

Alpha haemolytic colonies

Question 14

What is another term for nosocomial pneumonia?

Answer 14

Hospital aquired pneumonoa

Question 15

What do 60% of gram negative organisms cause?

Answer 15

HAP

Question 16

Can anaerobes be involved in aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What organism causes Legionnaires disease?

Answer 17

Legionella pneumophila

Question 18

What is the name for a flu like illness which may progress to a severe pneumonia, with mental confusion, acute renal failure and GI symptoms?

Answer 18

Legionnaries disease

Question 19

Which bacterial organism is associated with travel, usually water?

Answer 19

Legionella pneumophila

Question 20

How do you diagnose Legionnaires disease?

Answer 20

Legionella urinary antigen/serology

Question 21

Treatment for legionnaires disease?

Answer 21

Erythromycin/clarythromycin

Fluoroquinolones

Question 22

What is a cause of pneumonia in patients with AIDS?

Answer 22

Pneumocystis jiroveci (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia)

Question 23

How do you diagnose pneumocystis jiroveci?

Answer 23

Bronchioalvelar lavage (BAL) or induced sputuma and identification of cysts

Question 24

What is the treatment for pneumocystis jiroveci?

Answer 24

Cotrimoxazole, pentamidine

Question 25

What organism can cause a fungal chest infection?

Answer 25

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 26

What organism causes severe pneumonia/systemic infection in the severly immunocompromised, or aspergilloma?

Answer 26

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 27

How do you daignose aspergillus fumigatus?

Answer 27

Culture

Question 28

What is the treatment for aspergillus fimugatus?

Answer 28

IV amphotereicin B

Question 29

How long does it take for mycobacterium tuberculosis to grow on a special medium (Lowenstein-Jensen media)?

Answer 29

Up to 3 months incubation

Question 30

What is the coat of mycobacteria bacilli like?

Answer 30

Thick and waxy

Question 31

Do mycobacteria bacilli retain dyes even after exposure to acid and alcohol?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

What do mycobacteria bacilli appear as on a Ziehl-Neelsen stain?

Answer 32

Red rods

Question 33

How do you detect bacterial antigen in PCP?

Answer 33

Direct immunofluoresence

Question 34

What organism is associated with acute epiglottitis?

Answer 34

Haemophilius influenzae