4⃣ Demography 1) Births

Question 0

What are the four factors which affect the decline or stable population growth

Answer 0

⚫️births and immigration
➡️increase the population

⚫️deaths and emigration
➡️decreases the population

⚫️natural change
➡️number of birth minus number of death

⚫️net migration
➡️number immigrating into a county minus the number emigrating from it

Question 1

What is demography

Answer 1

⚫️study of the population
➡️including factors affecting
➡️size and growth

Question 2

Describe the UKs population

Answer 2

⚫️grew from 37m in 1901
➡️to 61m today

➡️in 2031
➡️should reach 71m

⚫️growth mainly due to
➡️natural changes
➡️rather than net migration

Question 3

What are the two measures of births

Answer 3

⚫️birth rate

⚫️total fertility rate

Question 4

Describe the birth rate

Answer 4

⚫️number of live births per 1,000
➡️of the population per year

⚫️there has been a long-term decline in the birth rate
➡️in 1900 - almost by 29
➡️by 2007 - fallen to under 11

⚫️but there has been fluctuations
➡️three baby booms
➡️after the two world wars
➡️and in 1960s 
➡️the rate fell sharply in 1970s
➡️rose during 1980s and early 1990s
➡️and then fell
➡️until the recent increase in 2001

Question 5

Describe the total fertility rate

Answer 5

⚫️average number of children
➡️a women will have
➡️during her fertile years

➡️1960s baby boom - average of 2.95 children per women
➡️2001- 1.63
➡️2006 - 1.84

⚫️Total fertility rate affects family and household size
➡️the more children women has
➡️the bigger the family

Question 6

Why doesn’t family size just depend on the number of children

Answer 6

⚫️divorce divides a family
➡️into two smaller ones
➡️reduces the chances of the women
➡️having more children

Question 7

What are the two important trends

Answer 7

⚫️more women remaining childless nowadays

⚫️women are having children later
➡️the average age almost 30