Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVPR 312 Cardiac Pathophysiology > Endocarditis, Myocarditis / Cardiac Patho / Test 2/2 > Flashcards

Endocarditis, Myocarditis / Cardiac Patho / Test 2/2 Flashcards

1
Q

Infective endocarditis is caused by ?

A

Microbial infection of the lining of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristic lesions of Infective endocarditis?

A

Vegetation (valves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carditis that Evolves over weeks or months ?

A

(SBE) Sub acute Bacterial Endocaditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carditis that has a rapid onset of days to weeks ?

A

(ABE) Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Susceptible hosts for Infective Endocarditis ?

A 
Elderly 
Children with CHD repairs
Mitral Prolapse
IV drug abuse
Patients undergoing CPB
Nosocomial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nosocomial

A

(Hospital Aquired Infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infective Endocarditis Etiologic organisms ?

A

Streptococci

Staphylococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

With Non-Infective Endocarditis what can occur following some form of endothelial damage?

A

Platelet deposition on valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can develop on valve in a variety of clinical conditions, specifically non-infective endocarditis.

A

Sterile thrombotic lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of cardiac muscle

It can be:

 & May be:
A

Acute
Sub-acute
Chronic

Focal or diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Myocarditis may be caused by infectious organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or helminths, or by a toxin, such as cocaine
Myocarditis can also be associated with systemic illnesses such as?

A
  • collagen-vascular,
  • autoimmune diseases, &
  • granulomatous,
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Non-Infectious causes for Myocarditis ?

A

Cardiotoxins
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Systemic Disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The true incidence of myocarditis is unknown because the majority of cases are asymptomatic.
Involvement of the myocardium has been reported in
__ to __ percent of patients with acute viral infections
Autopsy studies have revealed varying estimates of the incidence of myocarditis. A five percent prevalence of active myocarditis was reported in a high-risk group of 186 sudden, unexpected medical deaths in children

A

1 to 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Certain groups appear to be at increased risk of virus-induced myocarditis, and the course may be hyperacute. Name 4 groups at risk?

A

Young Males
Pregnant women
Children (particularly neonates)
Immunocompromised patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What contributes to myocyte damage and necrosis?

A
  • Direct viral-induced myocyte damage and

- Post-viral immune inflammatory reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inflammatory lesions and the necrotic process may persist for months, although the viruses only replicate in the heart for at most ?

A

2 -3 weeks after infection

17
Q

Evidence from experimental models has incriminated what contibuting factors to Myocarditis ?

A

cytokines such as:

  • interleukin-1 and TNF,
  • oxygen free radicals and
  • microvascular changes
18
Q

The clinical presentation of myocarditis is variable

Most cases are ?

A

Sub-clinical

disease that is not severe enough to present definite or readily observable symptoms.

19
Q

Myocarditis may be the cause of unexpected sudden death, presumably due to what?

A

Ventricular tachycardia or Ventricular fibrillation

20
Q

Most common infectious etiologic agents “VIRAL” causes of Myocarditis in the USA?

A
  • Influenza A & B
  • Enteroviruses (most common)
  • CMV
  • HIV
21
Q

Most common infectious etiologic agents “PARASITIC” causes of Myocarditis?

A
  • Chagas’ disease
  • toxoplasmosis
  • trichinosis
22
Q

Chagas’ disease AKA

A

(Trypanosoma cruzi) (most common cause of myocardits in/from S. America)

23
Q

Most common infectious etiologic agents “BACTERIAL” causes of Myocarditis?

A
  • Lyme disease

- Diphtheria

24
Q

How do you get Diphteria?

A

(injury from toxins of Corynebacterium diphtheriae)

25
Q

Describe the morphology of Myocarditis ?

A
  • Cardiac Dilation
  • Flabby myocardium
  • Pale
  • Focal Petechial Hemorrhages on the visceral pericardium.
26
Q

How would you identify

“ACUTE VIRAL” Myocarditis under the microscope ?

A
  • Edema
  • Inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes.
  • Myocyte degeneration and/or necrosis
27
Q

How would you identify “CHRONIC VIRAL” Myocarditis under the microscope ?

A

-Inflammation is less
conspicuous
-Myocardial fibrosis

28
Q

How would you identify “PARACITIC” Myocarditis under the microscope ?

A

Identify the organisms

29
Q

How would you identify “BACTERIAL” Myocarditis under the microscope ?

A

neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate

30
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

Parasitic disease

31
Q

How would you identify Cardiac Transplant Rejection under the microscope ?

A
  • interstitial lymphocytes
  • myocyte degeneration
  • may resemble viral type
32
Q

How would you identify “GIANT CELL Myocarditis” under the microscope ?

A
  • multinucleated giant cells present
  • lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils
  • foci of necrosis
33
Q

3 Myocarditis Clinical Features

?

A
  • Asymptomatic
  • Congestive Failure
  • Arrhythmias
34
Q

6 Cardiotoxins to blame for myocarditis?

A
  • Catecholamines
  • Anthracyclines
  • Cocaine
  • Alcohol
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Chemo Drugs (Doxorubicin)
35
Q

Most popular Virus to blame for myocarditis?

A

Coxsackie Virus

36
Q

Lyme disease can cause myocarditsis, what is the name of the organism responsible ?

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi

37
Q

Chagas’ Disease is a Protozoal infection that originated from South America. What is the name of the organism responsible fo this disease?

A

American trypanosomiasis

38
Q

6 Systemic disorders that can cause myocarditis?

A
  • Collagen-Vascular diseases
  • Sarcoidosis: Granulation tissue
  • Kawasaki Disease
  • Hypereasinophelia
  • LUPUS
  • Scleroderma: Excess collagen
39
Q

Name the layers of the heart in order, starting from inside the heart?

EM VP PC PP FP

A 
Endocardium 
Myocardium 
Visceral Pericardium 
Pericardial Cavity 
Parietal Pericardium

CVPR 312 Cardiac Pathophysiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions