Nonmalignant WBC Disorders Flashcards
Monocytosis causes
Inflammation – chronic TB, fungal, endocarditis, syphilis, autoimmune
Monocytopenia causes
Caused by drugs, Fanconi’s, B12, folate, radiation, chemical, malignancies (tumor, leukemia), hypersplenism, viral
Eosinopenia causes
Relative compared to increase in other cells
Eosinophilia causes
Allergies, parasites that invade tissue; associated with myeloproliferative disorders (CML)
Basophilia causes
Allergies, myeloproliferative disorders (CML)
Lymphopenia Causes
Inherited immune disorder (SCID’s), radiation, steroids, chemotherapy
Lymphocytosis causes
Viral illness (EBV, CMV, HIV most commonly associated), atypical/reactive/Downey/plasmacytoid
Key is a “spectrum of morphology” in an infectious state
Exception to viral illness: pertussis
Neutropenia causes
Bone marrow problem, drugs, Fanconi’s, B12, folate, radiation, chemical, malignancies, hypersplenism (sequester), viral, extremely severe pertussis infection
Neutrophilia causes
Acute inflammation, bacterial infection, Leukemoid reactions
Leukemoid reactions: extremely high neutrophils, IG, toxic features (granulation, Dohle), high LAP
LAP will rule out CML, no toxic features, high basil fills, and a low LAP
Leukoerythroblastic features
IGs, blasts, nRBCs in peripheral blood from extra medullary hematopoiesis “marrow in blood”
Secondary to space occupying lesions: tumor, fibrosis, granulomas
Lipid storage disorders
Gaucher
Neimann-Pick
Sea-Blue Histiocytes
Found in the spleen and bone marrow, autosomal recessive
Gaucher
Accumulates Glucocerebroside, Splenomegaly, “tissue paper” cytoplasm in BM macrophages
Neimann-Pick
Accumulates Sphingomyelin, Small vacuoles, “foamy”
Includes Sea-blue Histiocytes
Sea-Blue Histiocytes
Reactive in CML, the “garbage trucks” that are too full
