Intro to Psychiatry in CVPR

Question 1

What are the 5 framework principles of psych and the neural sciences?

Answer 1

1. All mental processes…derive from operations of the brain.
2. …genes and specifically combinations of genes…exert significant control over behavior… (Therefore) one component contributing to the development of major mental illness is genetic.
3. Altered genes do not…explain all of the variance of a given major mental illness. Social or developmental factors also contribute very importantly…Behavior and social factors exert actions on the brain (and) … learning produces alterations in gene expression…
4. Alterations in gene expression induced by learning give rise to changes in patterns of neural connections…
5. Insofar as psychotherapy or counseling is effective and produces long-term changes in behavior, it presumably does so through learning, by producing changes in gene expression.

Question 2

The burden of chronic physical illness is an important risk factor for _____.

Answer 2

depression and suicide

Question 3

_____ is the 4th leading cause of early death and disability worldwide.

Answer 3

Unipolar depression

Question 4

In depression, the _____ is hyperactive with increased corticotrophin-releasing hormone, reduced function of ______ receptors and higher cortisol levels following the dexamethasone suppression test.

Answer 4

HPA axis; glucocorticoid

Question 5

In depression, the HPA axis is ______ with increased corticotrophin-releasing hormone, reduced function of glucocorticoid receptors and higher _____ levels following the dexamethasone suppression test.

Answer 5

hyperactive; cortisol

Question 6

In ______, the HPA axis is hyperactive with increased _______, reduced function of glucocorticoid receptors and higher cortisol levels following the dexamethasone suppression test.

Answer 6

depression; corticotrophin-releasing hormone

Question 7

In depression, the HPA axis is hyperactive with increased corticotrophin-releasing hormone, reduced function of glucocorticoid receptors and higher cortisol levels following the ______ test.

Answer 7

dexamethasone suppression

Question 8

______ mobilize FFA causing endothelial inflammation and _____, and are associated with HTN, high cholesterol and glucose dysregulation.

Answer 8

Corticosteroids; excessive clotting

Question 9

Corticosteroids mobilize ____ causing _____ and excessive clotting, and are associated with HTN, high cholesterol and glucose dysregulation.

Answer 9

FFA; endothelial inflammation

Question 10

Corticosteroids mobilize FFA causing endothelial inflammation and excessive clotting, and are associated with _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 10

HTN, high cholesterol, and glucose dysregulation

Question 11

Depressed patients may have excess ______, which can stimulate platelet activity, also contributing to clotting.

Answer 11

norepinephrine

Question 12

Depressed patients may have excess norepinephrine, which can ______, also contributing to _____.

Answer 12

stimulate platelet activity; clotting

Question 13

There is altered _____ in depressed patients and decreased heart-rate variability is associated with increased risk of ______ and sudden death.

Answer 13

autonomic function; ventricular arrhythmias

Question 14

There is altered autonomic function in depressed patients and decreased _______ is associated with increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.

Answer 14

heart-rate variability

Question 15

There is altered autonomic function in _____ and decreased heart-rate variability is associated with increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and ______.

Answer 15

depressed patients; sudden death

Question 16

Depressed patients also have greater _____, a predictor of cardiac events.

Answer 16

BP variation

Question 17

Depressed patients also have greater BP variation, a predictor of _____.

Answer 17

cardiac events

Question 18

______ has been observed in people with panic disorder, depression and schizophrenia; it is decreased when sympathetic activity overrides parasympathetic influences via the vagus nerve.

Answer 18

Decreased heart-rate variability

Question 19

Decreased heart-rate variability has been observed in people with panic disorder, depression and schizophrenia. Variability is decreased when ____ overrides ______ via the vagus nerve.

Answer 19

sympathetic activity; parasympathetic influences

Question 20

Decreased heart-rate variability has been observed in people with _____, _____, and ______. Variability is decreased when sympathetic activity overrides parasympathetic influences via ______.

Answer 20

panic disorder, depression and schizophrenia; the vagus nerve