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Drew 929 > Block 3 Lab Flashcards > Flashcards

Block 3 Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Define elixir

A

oral solutions with hydroalcoholic sweetener

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2
Q

Define tincture.

A

alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solutions w/ veggie substances

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3
Q

Define syrup.

A

oral solution with lots of sugar

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4
Q

Define spirit.

A

alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution

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5
Q

Define lotion.

A

liquid emulsion for topical application

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6
Q

Ethanol content for child under 1 month?

A

none

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7
Q

Ethanol content for child 1 month - 6 years?

A

0.5 %

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8
Q

Ethanol content for child 6-12 years?

A

5%

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9
Q

Ethanol content for child older than 12 years?

A

10%

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10
Q

When do preservatives not need to be added?

A

1) 9 < pH < 3
2) antimicrobials already present
3) stat
4) rx for neonate (<1 month)

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11
Q

What substances act as oral preservatives?

A

1) alcohols/glycols (only at high concentrations)
2) organic acids
- - benzoate, sorbate, methyl/propyl-parabens

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12
Q

What preservatives also work for topical solutions?

A

1) isopropyl alcohol

2) BAK

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13
Q

What factors influence palatability?

A

1) taste
2) smell
3) texture
4) appearance
5) temperature

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14
Q

What % (v/v) is generally used for flavor concentrates?

A

0.2 - 0.5% (max 2%)

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15
Q

Define flavor concentrate.

A

an oil- or alcohol-based flavor without sweetener

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16
Q

What are examples of proprietary blend additives?

A

1) bitter suppressor

2) sweetening enhancer

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17
Q

How are fine, uniform-sized particles achieved?

A

1) drug form
2) equipment
3) compounding technique

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18
Q

Why are fine, uniform-sized particles important?

A

1) optimal dissolution
2) patient acceptance
3) acceptable sedimentation

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19
Q

How is a uniform dispersion achieved?

A

by wetting

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20
Q

What are common wetting agents?

A

1) glycerin
2) alcohol
3) propylene glycol
4) PEG
5) surfactant
6) water, not often used because it needs preservatives and hydrophilic drug
7) ora-plus for hydrophilic tablet wetting

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21
Q

How do wetting agents help achieve a uniform dispersion?

A

help liquid replace air on the surface of powders

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22
Q

What are common suspending agents?

A

1) methylcellulose
2) ora-plus
3) suspendol-S

23
Q

What agents promote deflocculated suspensions?

A

1) bentonite
2) xanthan gum
3) oraplus
4) suspendol
5) USP suspenders

24
Q

What agents promote flocculated suspensions?

A

1) acadia
2) methylcellulose
3) tragacanth

25
Q

When should a flocculating agent be used?

A

if particle size is fine causing a tendency to agglomerate

26
Q

What factors promote ease of redispersion?

A

1) particle size
2) time
3) flocculation

27
Q

What expiration should be assigned if no expiration is indicated for an ingredient?

A

3 years from date of packaging or receipt

28
Q

BUD for non-aqueous topicals?

A

6 months

29
Q

BUD for aqueous topicals?

A

30 days

30
Q

BUD for aqueous orals?

A

14 days

31
Q

What factors can affect BUD assignment?

A

1) literature evaluation
2) intended duration of therapy
3) USP guidance
4) ingredient expirations

32
Q

How should bulk ingredients be listed on a MF?

A

drug, source (USP/NF), % strength, formulation

ex: Hydrocortisone, USP 1% powder

33
Q

How should ingredients be listed on a MF?

A

drug, strength, formulation

34
Q

What quality assurance aspects might be listed on a CR?

A

1) appearance, smell, color

2) weight, final volume, pH

35
Q

characteristics of a deflocculated suspension.

A

1) particles are separate entities
2) slow sedimentation that becomes packed
3) good appearance

36
Q

characteristics of a flocculated suspension.

A

1) particles are loose, weakly covalent aggregates
2) sediment forms quickly but is loosely packed
3) unpleasing appearance

37
Q

Desired qualities for a suspension.

A

1) fine uniform particle size
2) uniform dispersion
3) slow sedimentation
4) ease of redispersion

38
Q

How is sucrose supplied?

A

as a powder of syrup, NF

39
Q

How is sorbitol supplied?

A

powder or 70% solution

40
Q

What are various sweeteners?

A

1) sucrose
2) sorbitol
3) saccharin
4) aspartame
5) stevia

41
Q

What flavors for sweet drug?

A

1) amoxicillin flavors

2) vanilla

42
Q

What flavors for acid/sour drug?

A

fruity

43
Q

What flavors for bitter drug?

A

1) lemon/orange
2) cherry/raspberry
3) mints
4) chocolate

44
Q

What flavors for oily drug?

A

1) lemon/orange
2) mints
3) chocolate

45
Q

When is a conical used?

A

for viscous liquid

46
Q

What to avoid when using a glass mortar?

A

1) metal spatula

2) crushing big crystals

47
Q

Advantages of solutions?

A

1) immediate ADME
2) homogenous
3) flexible in strength, route, flavor

48
Q

Disadvantages of solutions?

A

1) solubility/stability
2) taste masking
3) handling

49
Q

When are benzoate buffers as preservative ineffective?

A

pH > 5

50
Q

How is aspartame supplied?

A

powder

51
Q

Which sweetener(s) are heat-labile?

A

aspartame

52
Q

How is saccharin supplied?

A

powder

53
Q

What is the advantage to stevia?

A

natural

54
Q

What are the labeling requirements for a compounded Rx?

A

1) BUD
2) notification of a compounded product
3) any specific storage info

Drew 929 (6 decks)

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