3.6.4 Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
what are financial methods of motivation?
A
- piece rate
- commission
- salary schemes
- performance related pay
2
Q
what are non financial methods of motivation?
A
- empowerment
- team working
- flexible working
- job enrichment
- job rotation
3
Q
what are the three theories of motivation?
A
- taylor
- mazlow
-herzberg
4
Q
what is taylors theory of motivation?
A
- scientific management 1909, taylorism
- believed in a ‘fair days pay for a fair days work’
- believed that employees would do the minimum amount of work if not supervised
- carried out time and motion studies
5
Q
what are the implications of taylors theory for managing behaviour at work?
A
- main form of motivation is high wages- high wages equalled higher output
- a managers job is to tell employees what to do
- a workers job is to do what they are told and get paid accordingly
6
Q
what was maslows theory?
A
- a hierarchy of needs
- he believed we all have a pyramid of needs
7
Q
what is maslows hierarchy of needs in order from top to bottom?
A
- self actualisation needs
- esteem needs
- belonging/ social needs
- safety needs
- physiological needs
8
Q
what is self actualisation? (mazlows theory)
A
- top of the pyramid
- we only rise to this level of needs once we have fulfilled all the others
- at the level we are playful, mindful and self sufficient
9
Q
what are esteem needs? (mazlows theory)
A
- at this level we have the psychological need for the respect of others
- we want to feel important at work and feel that we are vital to a business
- we seek a feeling of accomplishment and we are focused on building a solid work image
10
Q
what are belonging/ social needs? (mazlows theory)
A
- we seek love and friendship
- we crave affection
- we look to belong to social groups, clubs and community groups
- we wish to be trusted and accepted in society
- if these are not met we are unlikely to be productive
11
Q
what are safety needs? (mazlows theory)
A
- we have the need for safety, security and health
- if employees think they may be sacked or made redundant they are unlikely to be productive or self actualising because their safety needs are not met
- equally an ill employee will not be working at their best either
12
Q
what are physiological needs? (mazlows theory)
A
- basic needs- food, water, warmth
- if these are not being met we have no interest in joining clubs, actualising, having a family etc.
13
Q
what is herzbergs two factor theory?
A
- employees have motivating factors
- employees have hygiene factors
14
Q
what are the motivating factors? (herzbergs theory)
A
- status
- recognition
- responsibility
- challenging work
- promotion
- growth
> high motivation, high satisfaction, strong commitment
15
Q
what are the hygiene factors? (herzbergs theory)
A
- salaries, wages
- other employee benefits
- job security
- working conditions
- work life balance
> general satisfaction, prevention of dissatisfaction
(not motivating factors)
16
Q
what is piece rate?
A
- employees are paid per finished item or unit
- employers chose to pay either the minimum wage or a fair piece rate based on average times taken to complete the product/ service
17
Q
what are some advantages of piece rate?
A
- experienced and efficient workers can earn more
- incentive to complete the work
- employees may work more hours to get the job done
- home workers can start and finish the work when they want- work fits around a family
18
Q
what are some disadvantages of piece rate?
A
- quality may suffer
- slower workers may fall under the national minimum wage
19
Q
what is commission?
A
- commission may be paid a percentage of unit price or per unit sold
- OTE is ‘on target earnings’ - lets the candidate know the potential top earnings that can be made in a job
- examples are: estate agents, car sales people
20
Q
what are some advantages of commission?
A
- skilled salespeople can make very good money
- employer is not paying for down time when the employee is not selling
- motivates employees to sell more
21
Q
what are some disadvantages of commission?
A
- salespeople on commission only could earn no money at all
- not a steady income
- risky in times if recession
- employees are selling rather than meeting needs of customers
- temptation to pressure sell or oversell
22
Q
what is a salary scheme- bonus?
A
- a bonus is a lump sum paid on top of a salary or wages
- this could be for: sales, performance, holidays (yearly bonus e.g. at Christmas)
23
Q
what are some advantages of salary schemes?
A
- can be used as an incentive- especially in a field where employees must make sales or meet specific goals
- can be used as a means of appreciation for an employees hard work throughout the year
24
Q
what are some disadvantages of salary schemes?
A
- a cash bonus may be costly for a business
- when an employee receives a bonus, it becomes part of his total income at the dnd of the year, the employee will also be paying taxes on the bonus they receive
25
what is performance related pay?
- a line manager sits with a worker in an appraisal and decides a set of criteria or objectives that the employee must fulfil.
- if they meet this then they will get bonuses on how well they’ve done
26
what are some advantages of performance related pay?
- there is a direct link between the performance of an employee and how much they are paid
- easy for the business to rank their staff when they look at who to promote
27
what are some disadvantages of performance related pay?
- may cause jealousy and unrest
- those that don’t meet the goals may blame the line manager and can become demotivated
- bonuses are often too low to act as an incentive to work towards targets
28
what is empowerment?
- involves allowing employees more authority to delegate tasks to others
29
what are some advantages of empowerment?
- empowered employees are close to issues- may be more effective at problem solving
- great involvement means greater loyalty to the business
30
what are some disadvantages of empowerment?
- sometimes regarded as cost cutting, way of delayering, also has an associated cost of training
- some see this as giving employees more to do for the same pay
- lack of experience in the job can increase risks of mistakes being made
31
what is team working?
- involves grouping employees to work in teams
- becoming more common
- through collaboration, a team can often produce a better product or solution than an individual
32
what are some advantages of team working?
- individuals can specialise
- shared responsibility
- new business ideas- through brainstorming sessions- making the business more innovative
- can produce better results than individuals
- peer pressure in a group can keep motivation levels high
33
what are some disadvantages of team working?
- tensions can occur
- sometimes an individual approach would suit scenarios better
34
what is flexible working?
- involves offering a variety of working patterns so that employees can achieve a work life balance
- may include: part time, house-working, term time only etc.
35
what are some advantages of flexible working?
- greater cost effectiveness and efficiency- saving on overheads when employees work from home
- the chance to have extended operating hours
- more job satisfaction and better staff motivation
- reduced levels of sickness absense
36
what are some disadvantages of flexible working?
- can be difficult to fit shifts and schedules to suit everyone
- some staff may not work as hard e.g. working from home may give them the temptation to do something else
37
what is job enrichment?
- involves giving the employee a greater variety of tasks of a higher responsibility
> job may be redesigned so that its more challenging and less repetitive
38
what are some advantages of job enrichment?
- the employee benefits from having a more interesting job role- can be motivating and improve employee productivity
- the employee will feel more loyal to the organisation, sense of achievement (mazlow)
- prepares the employee for possible promotion in the future (succession planning)
39
what are some disadvantages of job enrichment?
- may mean the employee will need to be trained on new machinery, ICT, or other job skills
- not all jobs can be enriched
40
what is job rotation?
- involves moving employees from one task to another
- means that staff can be trained in a variety of skills
- most common on a production line or in a factory
41
what are some advantages of job rotation?
- the business gets multi skilled employees
- the job may be less monotonous and boring for employees- reducing labour turnover rates
- easy and cost effective way to motivate employees and improve productivity
42
what are some disadvantages of job rotation?
- employees may be unwilling to leave a job they know well or work with a different team
- takes time for employees to learn the new skills and get up to speed
