PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 3 CHAPTER 04- The Central Nervous System

Question 0

❓❓❓Describe the Cerebral Cortex

Answer 0

• the consulted covering of the brain
• is 2-4 mm thick
• two hemispheres are joined by corpus callosum

Question 1

❓❓❓What is the Central Nervous System?

Answer 1

CNS= comprises the brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

❓❓❓Name the four lobes of the brain

Answer 2

• frontal lobe
• parietal lobe
• occipital lobe
• temporal lobe

Question 3

❓❓❓What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 3

Planning, judgement, problem solving, aspects of personality

Question 4

❓❓❓What is the Primary Motor Cortex (frontal lobe)?

Answer 4

-responsible for movement of skeletal muscles of the body

Question 5

❓❓❓What is the Parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 5

-perception of own body and external environment

Question 6

❓❓❓What is the Primary Somatosensory Cortex (parietal lobe)?

Answer 6

-processes sensory information from body

Question 7

☀️☀️☀️CONTRALATERAL FUNCTION

Answer 7

-Information from the left side of the body gets sent and received by the right side of the body, and vica versa

Question 8

❓❓❓What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 8

• processing auditory information

- associated with memory

Question 9

❓❓❓What is the Primary Auditory Cortex (temporal lobe)?

Answer 9

-performs complex auditory analysis that is necessary for understanding human speech or listening to music

Question 10

❓❓❓What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 10

-entirely concerned with vision

Question 11

❓❓❓What is the Primary Visual Cortex (occipital lobe)?

Answer 11

-receives and processes visual information

RIGHT HALF OF VISUAL FIELD is ‘seen’ by the LEFT HALF OF THE EYE, and is received by the RIGHT OCCIPITAL LOBE

left half of visual field, right side of eye, right occipital lobe

Question 12

❓❓❓What does Broca’s area do, and where is it located?

Answer 12

• responsible for movement of mouth for articulation of speech
• located in LEFT FRONTAL LOBE

Question 13

❓❓❓What does Wernicke’s area do, and where is it located?

Answer 13

• responsible for comprehension of speech

- located in LEFT TEMPORAL LOBE

Question 14

❓❓❓What does the left hemisphere specialise in?

Answer 14

• reading, writing, speaking, understanding speech
• logical thinking
• analytical functions
• receives information for right side of body

Question 15

❓❓❓What does the right hemisphere specialise in?

Answer 15

• spatial/visual thinking
• recognising faces
• recognising emotions
• appreciating art and music
• creative thinking
• daydreaming

Question 16

❓❓❓What is the spinal cord? What are its functions?

Answer 16

-A cable like column of nerve fibres that extends from the base of the brain to the lower back

FUNCTIONS

• somatosensory information comes from the body and is sent to the brain (via ascending neural pathways)
• motor information comes from the brain and is sent to the relevant muscles, organs and glands (via descending neural pathways)

Question 17

❓❓❓What is Broca’s aphasia caused by and what are some characteristics?

Answer 17

-caused by damage to Broca’s area

CHARACTERISTICS

• articulation difficulties
• lack of grammar
• partial or complete loss to recall names
• difficulty speaking, but can still understand speech
• short sentences
• non fluent speech

Question 18

❓❓❓What is Wernicke’s aphasia caused by and what are some characteristics?

Answer 18

-caused by damage to Wernicke’s area

CHARACTERISTICS

• difficulty understanding speech and speaking in a meaningful way
• fluent and grammatical speech, but what is said is nonsense
• partial or complete loss of ability to recall names

Question 19

❓❓❓What is Spatial Neglect? What is it caused by?

Answer 19

• an attention all disorder where the person affected systematically ignores stimuli on one side of their body
• caused by damage to the right, rear parietal lobe

Question 20

☀️☀️☀️SPILT BRAIN STUDIES

Answer 20

• surgery to cut the corpus callosum in half to prevent the communication between the two hemispheres
• prevents the spread of epileptic seizures from one side of the brain to the other
• info cannot go to each hemisphere
• personality and behaviour remain the same

Question 21

❓❓❓What are the three conclusions made by Sperry and Gazzaniga?

Answer 21

• the left hemisphere can identify words and pictures and can name them
• the right hemisphere can identify words and pictures but cannot verbally name them. It can identify by touch
• the left hemisphere appears to make executive decisions about whether an item is present or not