Abnormality

Question 1

Kirsch

Answer 1

2002, compared antidepressants to placebos and found that both groups did quite well, shows attention is more important

Question 2

Murrow

Answer 2

2000, compared placebos and tryclics
Placebos=35%
Tryclics=60%

Shows drugs are effective

Question 3

David Schnell

Answer 3

USA, 1998
He took SSRIs for two days and killed his wife, daughter and granddaughter. His remaining family sued the drug company as they failed to mention that side effects included lack of sleep, aggressive tendencies and suicidal thoughts.

Question 4

Abraham (ect)

Answer 4

1997, studied ect for 50 years and still had no idea about how it worked.

Question 5

Corner

Answer 5

2002, 60-70% of ect patients recovered after treatment.

Question 6

Sackheim et al

Answer 6

2001, 84% of ect patients relapsed after sixth months so it’s not a long term solution.

Question 7

Datto

Answer 7

2000, ect patients suffered from cardiovascular problems, cognitive impairment and headaches.

Question 8

DOH report

Answer 8

1999, found that 30% patients who had been receiving ect for 2 years had permanent fear and anxiety.

Question 9

Sham ect

Answer 9

Same procedure, no shock.
Sham and real patients had little difference between them in terms of improvement again showing like kirsch that attention is more important.

Question 10

Tschuke et al

Answer 10

2007, did a long term study and found with a sample of 450 people that treatments that were long term and intense were more successful
Psychoanalysis is both of those things.

Question 11

Bergin et al

Answer 11

1971, analysed 10,000 patient records as found that 80% benefited from psychoanalysis compared to 65% from eclectic therapies (therapies based on several approaches).

Question 12

Steps of SD

Answer 12

Taught to relax, deal with anxiety when it comes.

Develop a hierarchy with the therapist.

Work through that hierarchy mentally and make sure that at every stage anxiety is not present.

Face the fear in real life.

Question 13

Who study

Answer 13

2001, looked at relapse rates
Placebos=55%
Drugs=25%
Drugs and therapy=2-3%

Shows that drugs are important but are enhanced with therapy

Question 14

Ohman

Answer 14

1975, SD doesn’t work for ancient fears (fears like the dark and large animals) as at one point they provided evolutionary advantage to us.

Question 15

Siegelman

Answer 15

1970, some fears are hard wired into U.S. Because they provided evolutionary advantage in our past.

Question 16

McGraph

Answer 16

1990, 75% of people respond to SD.

Question 17

Capafons

Answer 17

1998, SD reduced the fear of people who had severe phobias of flying (they became comfortable with stimulation and then actual flying).