Anatomy- the Brain

Question 1

Cerebral Hemisphere:

What part of the brain?
Name the 3 regions
Name the 5 lobes

Answer 1

Superior part of brain- 83% of total mass

3 regions:cerebral cortex(gray matter), white matter, and basal nuclei

5 lobes:frontal,parietal, temporal, occipital and insula

Question 2

Cerebral Cortex:

Answer 2

Conscious mind, awareness, communication, memory and understanding & inhibition of voluntary movements

Question 3

Primary(Somatic) Motor cortex:

Answer 3

Large neurons that allow voluntary skeletal muscle movement.

Question 4

Promotor Cortex:

Answer 4

Controls learned repetitious or patterned motor skills(playing musical instruments, typing)

Question 5

Broca’s area:

Answer 5

In on hemisphere(left)

Controls motor speech- controls muscles of tongue, throat, and lips during speech.

Question 6

Cerebral dominance

Answer 6

One hemisphere dominant for language.

Question 7

Thalamus:

Answer 7

Sorts and edits sensory information c& relays to appropriate area of sensory context and association areas

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Answer 8

Connected to the pituitary glad by stalk called infundibulum

Controls homeostasis

Question 9

Epithalamus

Answer 9

Pineal gland: secretes hormone melatonin-helps in regulation of sleep-wake cycle

Question 10

Brain Stem: midbrain

Answer 10

Visual reflex centers, auditory relay

Question 11

Brain stem: Pons

Answer 11

The Pons serves as a message station between several areas of the brain. It helps relay messages from the cortex and the cerebellum. Without the pons, the brain would not be able to function because messages would not be able to be transmitted, or passed along. It also plays a key role in sleep and dreaming, where REM sleep, or the sleeping state where dreaming is most likely to occur, has been proven to originate here, in the pons.

Question 12

Brain Stem: Medulla Oblongata

Answer 12

Controls heart rate, breathing rate, vomiting, coughing.

Question 13

Brain Stem: Cerebellum

Answer 13

Processes information from motor centers from sensory pathways

Helps regulate balance and posture.

Question 14

Limbic System/Emotional Brain—-Amygdala

Answer 14

Recognizes angry and fearful expressions, assesses danger and elicits fear response.

Question 15

Lambic System/ Emotional Brian—-cingulate

Answer 15

Regulation of expression of emotions and feelings of frustration

Question 16

Hippocampus

Answer 16

Plays a roll in long-term memory

Question 17

Reticular activating system:

Answer 17

Helps regulate skeletal & visceral muscle activity.

Question 18

Anterograde Amnesia:

Answer 18

loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, can still learn skills

Question 19

Retrograde Amnesia:

Answer 19

Loss of memories formed in the distant past.

Question 20

3 connective tissues external to the brain:

Name and describe

Answer 20

1. Dura Matter- outer layer
2. Arachnoid - middle layer
3. Pia matter - innermost layer; just superior to the context