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AY Gastrointestinal > Oesophageal Disease > Flashcards

Oesophageal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Is variceal bleeding a life threatening emergency?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Immediate treatment of oesophageal varices

A

Rupesuscitate
Urgent band liganding
Give 2mg terlipressin
Omelrazole may also help prevent stress ulceration

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3
Q

Treatment of oesophageal varices if band liganding not working

A

Sengstaken-Blakemore tube

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4
Q

2 types of oesophageal cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

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5
Q

Clinical presentation of oesophageal cancer

A 
Dysphagia 
Odynophagia 
Haematemesis 
Regurgitation 
Dysphonia 
Weight loss
Heptomegaly 
Paraneoplastic syndrome
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6
Q

Signs on physical examination of oesophageal cancer

A

Weight loss
Lymph nodes
Hepatomegaly

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7
Q

Investigation for suspected oesophageal cancer

A

ENDOSCOPY & BIOPSY

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8
Q

Imaging studies for gastric cancer

A

Barium meal
CT scan of chest and abdomen
Bronchoscopy

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9
Q

First line treatment of oesophageal cancer

A

Surgery

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10
Q

Contraindications to surgery for oesophageal cancer

A

Direct invasion of adjacent structures
Fixed cervical lymph nodes
Widespread metastases
Poor medical condition

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11
Q

Other treatment options in operable oesophageal cancer

A

Radiotherapy
Intubation/stents
Palliative

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12
Q

What is GORD?

A

Reflux of acidic stomach contents into oesophagus causing problems usually oesophagitis

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13
Q

Causes of GORD

A

Hiatus hernia
Loss of oesophageal peristalsis
Obesity

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14
Q

Risk factors for GORD

A 
Obesity 
Smoking 
Alcohol 
Pregnancy 
Over eating 
Surgery in achalasia
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15
Q

Symptoms of GORD

A

Heartburn relieved by antacids
Belching
Acid/water brash
Odynophagia

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16
Q

Complications of GORD

A

Oesophagitis
Ulcers
Barrett’s oesophagus (future malignancy)

17
Q

Investigations for GORD

A 
Endoscopy 
Barium swallow (may show hiatus hernia)
18
Q

When is it suggested that a patient gets an endoscopy for GORD?

A

If symptoms > 4 weeks

19
Q

Non-pharmacological treatment of GORD

A

Raising bed head
Weight loss
Avoid drugs that affect oesophageal motility
(Nitrates, Ca2+ channel blockers (relax LOS))

20
Q

Pharmacological treatment of GORD

A

Antacids or alginates

For oesophagitis try PPI (better than H2 blockers)

21
Q

What are the 2 types of hiatus hernia?

A

Rolling

Sliding

22
Q

Best diagnostic test for hiatus hernia?

A

Barium swallow

AY Gastrointestinal (21 decks)

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