Biochemistry

Question 1

What process is used to separate proteins by size?

Answer 1

Electrophoresis

Question 2

Functions of plasma proteins

Answer 2

Maintain osmotic pressure 
Transport of hydrophobic substances 
pH buffering 
Enzymatic (blood clotting) 
Immunity

Question 3

What do alpha globulins do?

Answer 3

Transport lipoproteins, lipids, hormones and bilirubin

Transport vitamin A

Question 4

Example of alpha globulin

Answer 4

Ceruloplasmim

Question 5

Examples of beta globulins

Answer 5

Transferrin

Fibrinogen

Question 6

What does transferrin do?

Answer 6

Transports Fe3+!

Indicates iron deficiency

Question 7

What is fibrinogen and what does it do?

Answer 7

Inactive form of fibrin

Clots blood

Question 8

What stimulates albumin production?

Answer 8

Insulin

Question 9

What can cause low albumin levels?

Answer 9

Liver disease

Starvation/low protein diet

Question 10

What molecules does albumin transport?

Answer 10

Fatty acids
Bilirubin
Thyroid hormones
Exogenous drugs like aspirin

Question 11

What is iron bound to when it is stored in cells?

Answer 11

Ferritin

Question 12

What is copper bound to to be transferred?

Answer 12

Ceruloplasmin

Question 13

What disease can a deficiency of ceruloplasmin cause?

Answer 13

Wilson’s disease

Question 14

What transports hormones in the circulation?

Answer 14

Globulins

Question 15

What vitamins does the liver store?

Answer 15

Vitamins A, D & B12

Question 16

What I’d cholesterol a precursor of?

Answer 16

Bile acids
Steroid hormones
Vitamin D

Question 17

What does HMG-CoA reductase do?

Answer 17

Catalyses the irreversible formation of melatonin acid

Rate limiting enzyme targeted by statins

Question 18

What are the 3 groups of steroid hormones?

Answer 18

Corticosteroids
Androgens
Oestrogens

Question 19

Where are corticosteroids synthesised?

Answer 19

Adrenal cortex

Question 20

Where are androgens synthesised?

Answer 20

Testis

Question 21

Where are oestrogen a synthesised?

Answer 21

Ovaries

Question 22

What are the products of cholesterol?

Answer 22

Vitamin D
Steroid hormones
Bile salts

Question 23

What are the functions of the liver?

Answer 23

Nutrients and xenoniotica absorbed from the GI tract pass through before entering the systemic circulation
Bile production
Elimination of unwanted molecules
Secretion of plasma proteins (e.g, albumin)
Storage of important molecules
Regulation of metabolism