diuretics

Question 1

furosemide

Answer 1

TAL
Na K 2Cl symporter
Tx: powerful diuretic, edema (choice), refractory edema, pulmonary edema, HTN with renal insufficiency, hypercalcemia
AE: hypovolemia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, loss of Ca and Mg, ototoxicity, Hyperuricemia
note: ethacrynic acid- non sulfonamide- can be used with sulfa allergy

Question 2

hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 2

distal tubule
Na Cl Enac
Tx mood diuretic for edema, HTN (choice), decreased renal stone, decreased Ca loss in osteoporosis
AE Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, Hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome (hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia)

Question 3

amioloride, triamterene

Answer 3

collecting duct
Na channel
K sparing
TX weak diuretic-mild edema, K sparing to offset diuretic loss
AE Hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis

Question 4

spirolactone, eplererone

Answer 4

collecting tubule
aldosterone antagonist
K sparing
tx weak diuretic-mild edema, hyperaldosteronemia (liver cirrhosis), K sparing offset with diuretics
AE hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, antiandrogenic effects

Question 5

acetazolamine

Answer 5

proximal tubule
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
tx weak diuretic for edema, metabolic alkalosis, mountain sickness, glaucoma
AE: metabolic acidosis- loss of HCO3 in urine, renal stones- due to alkylation of urine, hypokalemia