Roots

Question 1

what are 3 data sources to analyse population change?

Answer 1

1. national: cesus
2. local: parish registers
3. personal: family stories, genealogy

Question 2

how has family size in the UK changed since 1901?

Answer 2

• 1901: 40 million
• 2007: 60 million
• typically 2 children to one house
• life expectancy risen = grandparents = increased extended family

Question 3

how has population structure changed since 1901 in the UK?

Answer 3

• top heavy
• 1931 VS now
• over 65yrs= 7% to 16%
• under 16yrs = 24% to 19%
• larger demographic of elderly + smaller demographic of youngsters
• avg age of death increased
• 1901 = 50 M / 57 W
• now = 77 M / 82 W

Question 4

How have migration trends changed over time in the UK?

Answer 4

• ‘south-east drift’ = movement away from N mining towns to service sector jobs
• 26% pop live in London
• counter-urbanisation
• age selective migration: elderly to coasts + young to Uni towns

Question 5

how have employment trends changed over time in the UK?

Answer 5

• decline in manufacturing, farming + mining jobs

- employment heavily ‘white collar’, tertiary sector jobs

Question 6

how have social status and aspirations changes in the UK over time?

Answer 6

• from ‘working class’ to ‘middle class’

- social mobility: avg wages rose + higher education (Uni)

Question 7

how has ethnicity changed over time in the UK?

Answer 7

• minority groups are 8% whole UK pop
• 1950s inward migration from former colonies
• London home to 100,000 French
• 60% people living in Newham, London, not white

Question 8

Explain the reasons for population change in Phase 1, pre 1970s

Answer 8

• pop growing from natural increase
• death rate fall since 1800s - health + hygiene
• birth rate fell to same level as death rate in 70s (after Baby Boom)
• pop grew from 40 mill 1901 to 55 1970

Question 9

Explain the reasons for population change in Phase 2, post 1970s

Answer 9

• slow pop growth due to immigration
• 2007, birth rates increasing again = migrant women child-bearing age
• 1/4 all births foreign
• 55mill to 61mill 1971 - 2007

Question 10

what are the 4 main reasons for the decline in birth rate in the UK?

Answer 10

1. womens status & pay: avg age kids = 30
2. contraception + education: pill 1961, abortion 1960s
3. cost: £150,000 child cost
4. global connections: global depression 1930s, limit family size

Question 11

what are 4 main reasons for longer life expectancy in the UK?

Answer 11

1. healthcare: 1940s NHS & polio vaccination
2. hygiene/sanitation/safety: 15 leave school, seat-belts
3. nutrition/diet/lifestyle: smoking ban 2007
4. global connections: dangerous jobs became automated, mechanisation

Question 12

how much does it cost to raise a child in the UK?

Answer 12

£150, 000

Question 13

what is the average age women start a family in the UK?

Answer 13

30 yrs

Question 14

when were the pill + abortion legalised in the UK?

Answer 14

1960s

Question 15

when was public smoking banned in the Uk?

Answer 15

2007

Question 16

how are internal factors impacting families in the UK?

Answer 16

• migration encouraged: postwar slum cleaning + New Town policies
• employment encouraged: A level take up increased + Uni’s expand
• larger variety of ethnicity, postWW2 labour needed for economic recovery

Question 17

how are external factors impacting families in the UK?

Answer 17

• ‘southeast drift’ caused by factory closures in North, cleaper labour in NICs
• uk govn stopped subsidies for industries that had become globally uncompetitive (coal mining), enhance finance + media sector
• ethnicity: more Polish, 600,000 in Uk 2004

Question 18

what evidence is there for internal + external factors impacting families in the UK?

Answer 18

• migration trends
• changes in ethnicity
• employment/status changes

Question 19

how many poles have moved to the uk since 2004?

Answer 19

600, 000

Question 20

what caused southeast drift migration in the uk?

Answer 20

northerners finding work after factories closed from cheaper labour abroad

Question 21

what did the UK govn do to decrease amount of men employed as miners?

Answer 21

stopped subsides given to globally uncompetitive industries, less than 10,000 work in coal mining anymore

Question 22

what did the UK govn do to increase migration within the UK after the war?

Answer 22

new town policies + slum clean up programme

Question 23

why was there a large influx of immigrants into the UK post ww2?

Answer 23

UK needed large labour force from colonies for economic recovery

Question 24

what does the dependancy ratio show?

Answer 24

compares proportion of earning vs non-earning people in a population

Question 25

what does a dependancy ratio of 70 and above reveal about a population?

Answer 25

lack of balance - high number of dependants compared to working taxpayers

Question 26

how do you calculate the dependancy ratio?

Answer 26

pop un 16 + pop ov 65 multiple whole sum by 100

pop 15-64

Question 27

Give evidence to show the UK is suffering with a greying population

Answer 27

60% pop work + pay state pensions of 21% retired

Question 28

how is the greying population predicted to get worse by 2030 in the UK?

Answer 28

56% pop work, pay state pensions for 27% retired

Question 29

what are the economic costs of a greying population in the UK?

Answer 29

1. 11yrs time Baby Boom generation retire = £30 billion annually
2. to fund more care homes/ service = council taxes rise
3. coastal homes will rise in value (triple), expensive for youngsters

Question 30

what are the social costs of a greying population in the UK?

Answer 30

• increase in mental illnesses in elderly

- alzheimers = emotional burden

Question 31

how do the Uk retired get their income?

Answer 31

• state pension - 1946 men 65+
• free TV licences to 75+
• £200 winter fuel allowance
• company/personal pensions: pay retired employee portion of salary
• elderly work as skilled consultants
• kids support income for grandparents

Question 32

how much fuel allowance is given to the elderly by the british govn?

Answer 32

£200 winter fuel allowance

Question 33

what are the benefits of an ageing population?

Answer 33

• voluntary charity work
• spend money on goods + services (grey pound)
• earning money + tax
• wisdom/experience to politics

Question 34

what will happen to british demographics in 2047

Answer 34

no. over 60 will exceed no. under 15