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the energy issue > KQ1 - What are the sources of energy and how do these vary in their global pattern? > Flashcards

KQ1 - What are the sources of energy and how do these vary in their global pattern? Flashcards

1
Q

what is energy mix?

A

the mix of different types of energy that a country produces and consumes. This varies by country, for a number of reasons.

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2
Q

what are some sources of energy?

A 
oil
natural gas
coal
renewable energy
nuclear
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3
Q

what are some renewables?

A

solar
wind
HEP/tidal/wave
geothermal

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4
Q

where is oil globally

A

60% in middle east (saudi arabia, turkey, UAE)

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5
Q

where is natural gas globally

A

1/3 in Europe and Eurasia

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6
Q

where is coal globally

A

50% in pacific (india pakistan china australia)

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7
Q

physical factors affecting FOSSIL global energy supply

A

Deposits of fossil fuels are only found in several locations

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8
Q

physical factors affecting SOLAR ENERGY

A

Solar power needs strong sunlight and often

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9
Q

physical factors affecting WIND ENERGY

A

Wind power needs strong winds

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10
Q

physical factors affecting TIDAL ENERGY

A

Tidal power stations often require a very large tidal range

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11
Q

physical factors affecting BIOMASS ENERGY (wood, peat)

A

Availability of biomass varies due to climatic conditions

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12
Q

Economic factors affecting global energy supply

A

ACCESSIBILITY
ONSHORE/OFFSHORE
TRANSPORT LINKS/INFASTRUCTURE
ENERGY PRICE

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13
Q

how is the economic factor ACCESIBILTY affecting global energy supply

A

more accesible and cheapest deposits of fossil fuels developed first

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14
Q

how is the economic factor ONSHORE/OFFSHORE affecting global energy supply

A

on shore is usually cheaper than offshore

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15
Q

how is the economic factor INFASTRUCTURE affecting global energy supply

A

Potential hydroelectric sites close to major transport routes + existing electricity transmission areas are more economical to build on than in inaccessible locations

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16
Q

how is the economic factor ENERGY PRICE affecting global energy supply

A

• When energy prices rise significantly, companies spend more on exploration and development

17
Q

what POLITICAL factors affect the global energy supply

A

permission from International Atomic Energy Agency
international agreement
anti-pollution agreements

18
Q

Kyoto protocol…

A

…can have infulence on energy decisions of several countries

19
Q

what 3 sources provide the most energy worldwide?

A

Oil, natural gas coal

20
Q

where is energy consumption highest, MEDC’s/NIC/LEDC’s

A
  1. MEDC’s (UK + US)
  2. NIC’s (china)
  3. LEDC’s (Mali)
21
Q

What is an NIC

A

newly industrialised country

22
Q

what is ‘proven oil reserve’

A

how much oil we have

23
Q

supply shock?

A

a significant interruption to supply due to an environmental, economic or political event

24
Q

peak oil production (POP)?

A

he year in which the world or an individual oil producing country reaches its highest level of production, with production declining thereafter.

25
Q

how can POP estimates vary?

A
  • new oil reserves/energy sources discovered

- consumption rate decreases so it lasts longer

26
Q

non renewable energy sources

A

oil
natural gas
coal

27
Q

semi-renewable energy sources

A

wood
bio fuel
nuclear

28
Q

renewables in glabal energy mix

A

low, varies in each country

29
Q

places using renewables

A

spain - solar

california - renewables

30
Q

why has global energy consumption increased?

A 
technological development
increasing national wealth
changes in demand 
changes in price
environmental factors
31
Q

how has TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT increased global energy consumption

A
  • Nuclear energy has only been available since 1954
  • Oil and gas cam now be exported from much deeper waters
  • Renewable energy technology is advancing steadily
32
Q

how has INCREASING NATIONAL WEALTH increased global energy consumption

A

• Average income increasing = improved living standards = more energy use and more use of energy variations

33
Q

how has CHANGES IN DEMAND increased global energy consumption

A

• Before discovery of oil, Britain use coal

34
Q

how has CHANGE IN PRICE increased global energy consumption

A
  • Different prices influence demand

* Power stations are cheaper to run on natural gas

35
Q

how has ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS increased global energy consumption

A
  • Public opinions affect government choices

* People are more aware of environmental impacts nowadays

the energy issue (4 decks)

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