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the energy issue > KQ3: What are the social, economic and environmental issues associated with the increasing demand for energy? > Flashcards

KQ3: What are the social, economic and environmental issues associated with the increasing demand for energy? Flashcards

1
Q

where is the 3 gorges dam

A

on the yangtze river, china

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2
Q

when was 3 gorges completed

A

2009

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3
Q

width of 3 gorges

A

2km wide

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4
Q

height of 3 gorges

A

200m wide

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5
Q

how many generators on 3 gorges dam

A

26

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6
Q

how much did 3 gorges cost

A

$20 billion

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7
Q

how large is the resevoir created by 3 gorges

A

66km long

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8
Q

what energy does 3 gorges create

A

HEP

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9
Q

3 gorges Social issue: placment of dam

A

• 1.3 million people forced to move because their homes were going to flood

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10
Q

3 gorges Social issue: rehabilitation

A

100’s of new towns and cities have been built along the reservoir, built too quickly - bad quality housing, poor living conditions

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11
Q

3 gorges Social issue: health risks

A

Chongqing, industral city leaks pollutants into resevoir, causing health risks

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12
Q

3 gorges economic issue: cost

A

very expensive to build (£20 billion) and needs (dredging, re-inforcing valley sides)

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13
Q

3 gorges economic issue: land lost

A

livliehoods of farmers lost, land became resevoir

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14
Q

3 gorges evironmental issue:

A

some plants and fish cant survive in new slow flowing water

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15
Q

3 gorges evironmental issue:

A

agricultural land lost

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16
Q

3 gorges evironmental issue:

A

sediment blocked by dam-> less deposoition downstream –> more erosion

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17
Q

3 gorges Social issue: loss of culture

A

800 cultural and historical sites underwater

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18
Q

3 gorges social benefit: cheap energy

A

cheap energy

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19
Q

3 gorges social benefit: infastructure

A

govt. supported development of new towns–> massive infastructure development

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20
Q

3 gorges social benefit: pride

A

dam is a souce of national pride

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21
Q

3 gorges social benefit: flood risk

A

less flood risk downstream, lower death tolls and financial losses

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22
Q

3 gorges economic benefit: improved river transport

A

more trade from Chongqing (31 million people) to coast

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23
Q

3 gorges economic benefit: energy supply

A

can supply 100 billion kilawatts/hour for industry and domestic use

24
Q

3 gorges economic benefit: job creation

A

construction, maintainance, dam material suppliers

25
Q

where is the niger delta?

A

in nigeria, western africa, where niger river enters gulf of guinea.

26
Q

when did oil exploitaion begin in the niger delta?

A

1958

27
Q

how much oil does niger delta produce a day?

A

2 million barrels a day

28
Q

population of niger delta

A

23 million people

29
Q

life expectancy in niger delta

A

43

30
Q

natural features of delta

A

nigerias largest surviving rainforest

31
Q

why is oil extraction happening in niger delta?

A

region is rich in oil, nigeria = biggest west african producer of petroleum

32
Q

niger delta social issues: health

A

flaring produces carconagenic gas and acid rain, causes respiratory problems + cancer
life expectancy 43 years

33
Q

niger delta social issues: education

A

children working at docks do not go to school

34
Q

niger delta social issues: wage

A

60% nigerians on >$1 a day

35
Q

niger delta social issues: services

A

not enough oil profit put into services such as healthcare, education, roads

36
Q

niger delta social benefits: wages

A

children can earn wage

oil can be sold for income

37
Q

niger delta social benefits: employment

A

• Employment which improves quality of lives

38
Q

niger delta social benefits: domestic energy supply

A

• Low-cost, locally refined fuel is provided for homes needing electricity

39
Q

niger delta social benefits: govt. revenue

A

• Oil provides 80% government revenues which supports hard and soft infrastructure

40
Q

niger delta economic benefits: high oil production

A

• 2005: oil production was 131 million tonnes

41
Q

niger delta economic benefits: export

A

Oil has earned Nigeria over $800 billion since 1960

42
Q

how many spills are there a year in the niger delta?

A

369

1 for each day of the year

43
Q

cnflicts in niger delta have led to how many civilain deaths

A

50,000

44
Q

how long have niger delta civilians been resiting oil companies

A

25 yrs

45
Q

how long has oil extraction been taking place in the niger delta

A

50 yrs

46
Q

how much of west africas fish stocks spawn in the niger delta

A

60%

47
Q

population of niger delta

A

23 million

48
Q

niger delta economic benefit: high rates of oil production

A

• 2005: oil production was 131 million tonnes

49
Q

niger delta economic benefit: exports

A

Oil represents over 90% of Nigeria’s exports by value

50
Q

niger delta economic issue: jobs

A

Many jobs go to foreigners as skilled

51
Q

niger delta economic issue: undiverse economy

A

Dominated by 5 TNCs e.g. Shell

52
Q

niger delta economic issue: leaks

A

Cost of leaks is $10 million per day

53
Q

niger delta environmental issue: soil

A

Oil spills poison the soil which reduces crop production

• Dying vegetation, poisoned by soil turning soggy and greasy when oil seeps through

54
Q

niger delta environmental issue: spillage

A

500 million tonnes of crude oil have been lost to spillage, thus degrading environment, wildlife and ecosystems

55
Q

niger delta environmental issue: fish death

A

Some illegal refineries put their crude oil on boats on the river where fish swim

56
Q

niger delta environmental issue: pollution

A

Oil companies fail to maintain/replace rusty pipelines = pollution

57
Q

niger delta environmental issue: flaring

A

Flaring of gas damages crops and causes acid rain

the energy issue (4 decks)

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