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geology rocks and processes > metamorphism > Flashcards

metamorphism Flashcards

1
Q

what is metamorphism?

A

iso chemical process by whihc rocks are changed by either tem, pressure or both.

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2
Q

what happens to the comp of the new rock?

A

stays the same as the parent rock

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3
Q

what can metamorphism result in

A 
destruction of fossils/beds/sed. structures
hardening of the rock
change in colour
alignment of minerals
growth of new metamorphic minerals
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4
Q

temp increses with…

A

DEPTH

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5
Q

where do high temps occure

A

near igneous intrusions

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6
Q

temp increases has what effect on rate of metamorphic reaction

A

rate of metamorhic reaction increases

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7
Q

pressure increases with..

A

DEPTH

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8
Q

term for no elements added or removed (exept water and CO2)

A

isochemical

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9
Q

pressure exerted by fluids between grains in a pourous rock?

A

PORE PRESSURE

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10
Q

pressure from weight of overlying rock bringing minerals togethers

A

LOAD PRESSURE

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11
Q

pressure from folding or faulting (usually over a short period of time)

A

TECTONIC PRESSURE/STRESS

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12
Q

why does metamprhic rate increase with tmep

A

many reactions need heat to take place

increases rate of ion diffusion between minerals

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13
Q

which are more common? pressure or temp dependent reactions

A

temp dependent reactions

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14
Q

how long do metamorphic reactions take

A

millions of years, temp and pressure conditions must remain over long periods of time for these reactions to take place

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15
Q

three types of metamorphism

A

contact
burial
regional

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16
Q

what is contact metamorphism

A

occurs adjacent to igneous intruisons
due to increase in temp of country rock
produces a metamorphic aureole
minerals not alligned due to low pressure

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17
Q

temp of contact metamorphism

A

more than 200 (HIGH)

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18
Q

pressure of contact metamorphism

A

LOW less than 200 MPa

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19
Q

what is burial metamorphism

A

occurs under sediments also in subdiction zones

can overlap with diagenisis

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20
Q

temp of burial metamorphism

A

less than 200 degrees (LOW)

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21
Q

pressure of burial metamorphism

A

HIGH-MEDIUM 200-1000 MPa

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22
Q

what is regional metamorphism

A

caused by collison of plates or subduction
large scale
alligned minerals due to pressure high
occure in cores of fold mountains

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23
Q

temp of regional metamorhism

A

around 200-700 degrees (LOW-HIGH)

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24
Q

pressure of regional metamorphism

A

LOW-HIGH 100-1000 MPa

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25
Q

what is foliation

A

texture of meta. rocks, formed by the preffered alignment of flat platy minerals

26
Q

what is slaty cleavage

A

texture in fine grained rocks formed by low grade metamorphism. platy minerals re crysatlise perpendicular to the direction of stress applied during metamorphism so rock splits into sheets

27
Q

foliated rocks produced by metamorphsim

A

slate
schist
gneiss

28
Q

slate parent rock

A

shale

29
Q

slate colour

A

dark grey

30
Q

slate texture

A

slaty

fine

31
Q

slate composition

A

clay minerals

msucovite mica

32
Q

slate type and grade of metamorphism

A

low grade regional

33
Q

schist parent rock

A

shale

34
Q

schist colour

A

slivery green

35
Q

schist compostion

A

muscovite and biotite mica
quartz
garnet
kyanite

36
Q

schist texture

A

shisosity

medium 1-5mm

37
Q

schist type /grade of metamo..

A

medium grade regional

38
Q

gniess parent rock

A

shale

39
Q

gniess colour

A

dark and light bands

40
Q

gniess texutre

A

gnuessose banding

coars >5mm

41
Q

gniess comp

A

biotite mica
mafic minerals
quartz

42
Q

gniess grade/type metamrphsim

A

high grade regional

43
Q

unfoliated rocks from metamprhsim

A

marble
quartzite
spotted rock

44
Q

marble PARENT ROCK

A

limestone

45
Q

marble COLOUR

A

white

46
Q

marble TEXTURE

A

granoblastic

medium grain 1-5mm

47
Q

marble COMP

A

calcite

48
Q

marble TYPE OF METAMORPHSIM

A

contact or regional

49
Q

quartzite PARENT ROCK

A

sandstone (composed of quartz)

50
Q

quartzite COLOUR

A

white/grey

51
Q

quartzite TECTURE

A

grano blastic

medium 1-5 mm

52
Q

quartzite COMP

A

quartz

53
Q

quartzite TYPE OF METAMORPHSIM

A

contact/regional

54
Q

spotted rock PARENT ROCK

A

slate or shale

55
Q

spotted rock COLOUR

A

dark with darker spots

56
Q

spotted rock TEXTURE

A 
slaty cleavage (if slate is parent rock)
fine
57
Q

spotted rock COMP

A

clay minerals

mica

58
Q

spotted rock TYPE OF METAMORPHSIM

A

contact

59
Q

what does granoblastic texure mean

A

meta rocks with equidiminsional interlocking crystals

60
Q

what is a polymorph

A

mineral that occurs in differnt crystal forms but has same compostion

geology rocks and processes (10 decks)

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