Medical Nutrition Therapy - N. Disorders of Oral Cavity and Esophagus (p. 27-28), O. Disorders of Pregnancy (p. 28), P. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (p. 28-29), Q. Pulmonary Disorders

Question 1

<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ are caused by acids that demineralize the surface of the tooth.

Enzymes ferment CHO deposits on plaque and produce acids.

pH </p>

Answer 1

<p>Dental caries</p>

Question 2

<p>Low \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ foods are those that are least likely to cause cavities. These choices are high in protein and minerals like Ca, and Phos, and minimal in fermentable CHO.

pH >6 stimulates saliva (protects enamel).</p>

Answer 2

<p>Low cariogenic </p>

Question 3

<p>Sugar alcohols (*\_\_\_\_\_\_) does NOT cause cavities.</p>

Answer 3

<p>SORBITOL</p>

Question 4

<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_ can control caries. Supplementation starts at 6 mos.
</p>

Answer 4

<p>Fluorine

Fluorosis: excessive fluoride; mottled teeth</p>

Question 5

<p>*Fluoride recommendations:

0-6 mos: supps NOT recommended (use fluoridated water if available)

6-12 mos: use fluoridated water, supps IF PRESCRIBED</p>

Answer 5

<p>*Fluoride recommendations:

1-2 years: fluoridated water or supps if prescribed; fluoride toothpaste not to be used until child can spit it out

2-3 years: fluoridated water or supps as recommended; Also Fluoride toothpaste</p>

Question 6

<p>*Infants should NOT sleep with a bottle.

Cause BBTD (\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_) and ECC \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_.</p>

Answer 6

<p>BBTD: Baby Bottle Tooth Decay
ECC: Early Childhood Caries</p>

Question 7

<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Inflammation of the mouth associated with Riboflavin deficiency</p>

Answer 7

<p>Stomatitis

Avoid very hot/cold foods, spice, sour. Rinse with water after meals.</p>

Question 8

<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is inflammation of the esophagus treated by decreasing gastric acidity and reflux.

Diet: Small, bland, low-fat, low-fiber</p>

Answer 8

<p>Esophagitis</p>

Question 9

<p>*Disorder of lower esophageal sphincter MOTILITY - does not relax and open upon swallowing, causing dysphagia.</p>

Answer 9

<p>Achalasia</p>

Question 10

<p>*The dysphagia diet begins with: \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_ foods, progressing to thick liquids.</p>

Answer 10

<p>*Pureed, Moist, Thick foods</p>

Question 11

<p>National Dysphagia Diet Level \_\_\_:

Smooth, pureed, homogenous, cohesive foods.</p>

Answer 11

<p>NDD1</p>

Question 12

<p>National Dysphagia Diet Level \_\_:

Moist, soft, easily formed into a bolus.
Moist, tender, ground/diced meats
Soft-cooked vegetables, soft/canned fruits</p>

Answer 12

<p>NDD2</p>

Question 13

<p>National Dysphagia Diet Level:

Avoid hard, sticky, crunchy foods
Avoid hard fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds</p>

Answer 13

<p>NDD3</p>

Question 14

<p>With gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), consume \_\_\_\_\_, low-\_\_\_ meals. Liquids are able to be emptied more rapidly.

Avoid eating before bed, soda, caffeine, acidic foods.</p>

Answer 14

<p>Small, low-fat</p>

Question 15

<p>Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) may occur at about the 20th week of pregnancy. This may progress to a more serious condition, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and then, \_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>

Answer 15

<p>Pre-eclampsia

Eclampsia</p>

Question 16

<p>Complication during pregnancy characterized by HYPERTENSION, RAPID WEIGHT GAIN, PROTEINURIA, EDEMA.</p>

Answer 16

<p>Pre-eclampsia</p>

Question 17

<p>Untreated pre-eclampsia can progress to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures or convulsions.</p>

Answer 17

<p>Eclampsia</p>

Question 18

<p>*A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ restriction is NOT recommended for the prevention or treatment of PIH.

</p>

Answer 18

<p>Sodium

INC fluid that is normal during pregnancy, INC body's demand for sodium.</p>

Question 19

<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is more common in women with lack of prenatal care, poor diet, poor protein and calcium intake (proposed association with calcium deficiency).</p>

Answer 19

<p>Pregnancy-induced hypertension</p>

Question 20

<p>Severe nausea, vomiting in pregnancy.
Associated with acidosis and weight loss.

Treatment is BED REST.</p>

Answer 20

<p>Hyperemesis gravidarum.</p>

Question 21

<p>A virus that debilitates the immune system by attacking lymphocytes.</p>

Answer 21

<p>Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)</p>

Question 22

<p>AIDS is associated with N/V/D, malabsorption, and weight loss. Goals are to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lean body mass and prevent \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
</p>

Answer 22

<p>Goals are to preserve LBM and prevent weight loss and wasting.</p>

Question 23

<p>Nutrient Needs in AIDS:

Energy: BEE x 1.3 (asymptomatic)
</p>

Answer 23

<p>Protein:
0.8 g/kg (asymptomatic)
1.2-2.0 g/kg if wasting

Vit/Min supplements if needed to correct micronutrient deficiencies
</p>

Question 24

<p>AIDS patients are prone to foodborne illness, and may therefore benefit from a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, or low bacteria diet.

Avoid raw foods.</p>

Answer 24

<p>Neutropenic</p>

Question 25

<p>HIV infected women should/should not breast-feed.</p>

Answer 25

<p>SHOULD NOT</p>

Question 26

<p>NRTIs (nucleotide nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ie. Retrovir), or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ drugs used to treat AIDS, may lead to
Anemia
Appetite Loss
Low B12, Cu, Zn, Carnitine</p>

Answer 26

<p>Antiretroviral</p>

Question 27

<p>With AIDS, herbal supplementation should be discouraged as adjunctive therapy to conventional care.
The use of vitamin \_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ may result in drug resistance.</p>

Answer 27

<p>Vitamin C or St. John's Wort may result ind rug resistance.</p>

Question 28

<p>In Pediatric HIV, a high \_\_\_\_\_, high \_\_\_\_ diet is recommended with additional supplements for weight gain.</p>

Answer 28

<p>High calorie, high protein</p>

Question 29

<p>A condition characterized by fat redistribution or loss associated with infection with HIV.

^ Chol
^ TG
Insulin resistance</p>

Answer 29

<p>HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome (HALS)</p>

Question 30

<p>Loss of \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ in HIV/AIDS may be masked by HALS or edema.</p>

Answer 30

<p>Lean body mass</p>

Question 31

<p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is classified into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, destruction of the alveoli, or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, inflammation of the bronchioles.</p>

Answer 31

<p>Emphysema

Chronic bronchitis</p>

Question 32

<p>Air sacs (alveoli) lose elasticity. Difficulty exhaling - air pocket walls expand, thin out, and collapse. Patients are thin and cachectic appearing - use accessory muscles to breathe, ^ REE.</p>

Answer 32

<p>Emphysema</p>

Question 33

<p>Excess mucus production and chronic productive cough. Heavy mucus interferes with breathing.

Hypoxia-->Increased workload on the heart-->left-sided HF-->pulmonary edema as blood backs up-->further increased workload on the heart and to breathe.</p>

Answer 33

<p>Chronic bronchitis</p>

Question 34

<p>In COPD, Indirect calorimetry should be used to estimate energy needs.
Maintain \_\_\_\_ weight - replete, but do not overfeed.
High \_\_\_, High \_\_\_, Higher \_\_\_, Lower \_\_\_</p>

Answer 34

<p>High calorie
High protein (1.0-1.5 g/kg)

Higher fat, Lower cho - oxidation of FAT consumes LESS O2 than that of CHO</p>

Question 35

<p>Condition in which the lungs are no longer able to exchange gases.
Fluid collects in the lungs' air sacs, depriving organs of oxygen.
May follow COPD.</p>

Answer 35

<p>ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure)</p>

Question 36

<p>ARDS is associated with hyper\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and increased energy needs.

GOAL: Maintain stable \_\_ and preserve \_\_.</p>

Answer 36

<p>Hypermetabolism

Goal: Maintain stable BW and preserve LBM.</p>

Question 37

<p>With \_\_\_\_, should provide EN containing EPA and GLA (gamma-linoleic acid). Avoid excess Non-\_\_\_\_\_calories.</p>

Answer 37

<p>ARDS</p>

<p>Non-protein</p>