Chapter 13- Evolution

Question 1

What is the theory of evolution?

Answer 1

Natural selection:
V: variation- differences between organisms in a population
I: inheritance- variation must be genetic
S: selection pressure- something in the environment that increases/decreases chance of survival
T: time- long period
A: adaption- trait survives and is passed on

Question 2

What are the differences between Darwin’s and LaMarck’s theories?

Answer 2

LaMarck believed that evolution happened because of use vs. disuse, and Darwin believed in natural selection (Darwin was right).

Question 3

What is the evidence of evolution?

Answer 3

Homologous structures, vestigial structures, comparative embryology, DNA, and fossil records.

Question 4

What is the Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium?

Answer 4

Allele frequencies do not change

Question 5

What are the Hardy-Weinburg calculations?

Answer 5

p + q = 1
p(squared) + 2pq + q(squared) = 1

*p = dominant phenotype, q = recessive phenotype

Question 6

What are the bottleneck and founder effects?

Answer 6

The bottleneck effect happens when a natural disaster leads to a smaller population.
The founder effect happens when a small group of organisms colonize a new location.

Question 7

What is a cladogram?

Answer 7

Charts that show evolutionary relationships, based on derived characteristics

Question 8

What is the purpose of dichotomous keys?

Answer 8

To identify organisms based on morphology

Question 9

What are the three domains? What are the six kingdoms?

Answer 9

Domains:
eukaria- animals, plants, fungi, protists
Archea- archaebacteria
Bacteria- eubacteria

Kindoms: animalia, plantae, fungi, protista, monera

Question 10

What did Darwin discover on the Galápagos Islands?

Answer 10

He came up with a hypothesis: new species evolved from an original ancestor species after becoming isolated from one another