Ch. 3

Question 1

Gram + bacteria has lots of _________ in it.

Answer 1

Peptidoglycan

Question 2

Gram - bacterial has ____ _______ peptidoglycan

Answer 2

very little

Question 3

Gram + Bacteria is what color?

Answer 3

Purple or violet

Question 4

Gram - bacteria is what color?

Answer 4

red or pink

Question 5

Ocular lens has how much mag?

Answer 5

10x

Question 6

Formula to calculate mag?

Answer 6

ocular lens X objective lens mag

Question 7

Crystal violet is what type of dye? Basic or Acidic?

Answer 7

Basic

Question 8

Methylene blue is what type of dye? Basic or acidic?

Answer 8

Basic

Question 9

Unit of measure to measure bacteria?

Answer 9

Micrometer 1m=1,00,000micrometer

Question 10

Unit of measure to measure virus?

Answer 10

Nanometer 1mm=1,000,000nanometer

Question 11

Who found the simple microscope?

Answer 11

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 12

Who found the compound microscope?

Answer 12

Robert Hooke

Question 13

Use immersion oil at what mag?

Answer 13

100x

Question 14

Darkfield microscopy used to view___________.

Answer 14

Spirochoetes

Question 15

Treponema causes_______________.

Answer 15

Syphilis

Question 16

Fluorescent microscopes uses what light source?

Answer 16

Ultraviolet

Question 17

Electron microscope to view?

Answer 17

Viruses

Question 18

1st step in Smear and Staining?

Answer 18

Smear Preperation

Question 19

Describe Smear Prepration

Answer 19

Drop a droplet of water onto a slide. Add specimen and mix together.

Question 20

2ns step in Smear and Staining?

Answer 20

Fixing.

Question 21

Describe Fixing

Answer 21

Fixing is heating the specimen to “fix” it to the slide. Can be done with heat or alcohol or ethanol or acetone.

Question 22

Simple Stain tells you what?

Answer 22

Only tells shape. Not very useful

Question 23

Differential stains are either?

Answer 23

Acid Fast or Gram Stain

Question 24

Basic Dyes (+ ions)

Answer 24

crystal violet, methylene blue, **safranin (pink), carbol fuchsin (red)

Question 25

Acidic Dyes (- ions)

Answer 25

India Ink, Negrosin, Eosin

Question 26

What type of stains distinguish bacteria?

Answer 26

Gram or Acid Fast

Question 27

Gram stains tell you what about cell wall?

Answer 27

thickness

Question 28

Gram + has _______ cell wall

Answer 28

thick

Question 29

Gram - has _______ cell wall

Answer 29

thin

Question 30

Gram Stain Procedure (9 steps)

Answer 30

1. Smear Prep
2. Heat fix or alcohol fix (5min)
3. Add Crystal Violet 1-3min
4. Rinse in water
5. Add Gram’s Iodine 1-3min
6. Rinse in water
7. Decolorize w/ 95% alcohol
8. Add Saffranin (counter stain) 2min
9. Rinse in water.

Question 31

Gram stain Procedure dyes, in order

Answer 31

Crystal Violet, Gram’s Iodine, Decolorize with 95% alcohol, saffranin

Question 32

Antibiotic selection for Gram + (2 of them)

Answer 32

Penicillin and sulfonamides

Question 33

Antibiotic selection for Gram - (3 of them)

Answer 33

Streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol

Question 34

Acid Fast Stain to view ______ and ________

Answer 34

Mycobacteria and Nocardia

Question 35

Micro bacteria and Norcardia have _______ content of lipids.

Answer 35

High. 20-40% lipids in cell wall.

Question 36

Tuberculosis should be viewed using what stain?

Answer 36

Acid Fast Stain

Question 37

Acid Fast Stain Procedure (8 steps)

Answer 37

1. Smear Prep
2. Heat fix. 80degrees for 20min
3. Add Carbol fuchsion (red) and heat* (slide over heat gently 1-3 min. Heat melts lipids.
4. Cool and rinse with water.
5. Decolorize with acid-alcohol.
6. Rinse in water
7. Counterstain with methylene blue
8. Blot dry - examine

Question 38

Acid fast stain bacteria what color?

Answer 38

Red

Question 39

Non-acid fast stain what color?

Answer 39

Blue