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Med Micro exam 1 > Ch. 4 > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Type of cell with no nuclear membrane

A

Procaryotic

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2
Q

In a Procaryotic cell where is genetic material?

A

NOT enclosed within a membrane

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3
Q

Prokaryotic cells have no organelles. T or F?

A

True

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4
Q

Nucleus bound by a membrane. What cell type?

A

Eucaryotic

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5
Q

Eukaryotic cells contain no peptidoglycan. T or F?

A

True

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6
Q

Coccus shape

A

circle/sphere

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7
Q

Bacillus shape

A

rod

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8
Q

Prokaryotic cells divide by__________

A

binary fission (asexual)

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9
Q

_________ cells walls contain peptidoglycan.

A

Procaryotic

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10
Q

Spiral shape

A

spiral

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11
Q

Curved rods with more than 1 curve

A

Spirillum

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12
Q

Star or Square shaped bacteria?

A

Archeobacteria

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13
Q

External cell wall structure- Capsule. Made from?

A

Polysaccharide - Polypeptide

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14
Q

Capsule is

A

sticky gelatinious polymer

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15
Q

Capsule function?

A
  1. *Contributes to virulence.
  2. *Antiphagocytosis
  3. Source of food (can breakdown own capsule for food)
  4. colonization - attachments to teeth, GI tract, Resp. tract
  5. dehydration protection
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16
Q

Organ of locomotion?

A

Flagella (have if they live in water)

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17
Q

Flagella made from?

A

Flagellin - protein

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18
Q

Axial filaments are used by ____________.

A

Spirochoetes (bacteria)

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19
Q

Bundles of fibrils that arise at one end of the cell beneath outersheathf and spiral around the cell.

Allows cell to move in corkscrew motion

A

Axial filaments

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20
Q

3 bacterias that have axial filaments.

A
  1. Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
  2. Borelia bergidorferi (lyme disease)
  3. Leptospira interogans (kidney infection)
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21
Q

Hair-like structure

A

Fimbriae

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22
Q

Fimbriae and Pili found in Gram ______ bacteria?

A

negative

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23
Q

Structure used for attachment - adherence.

A

Fimbriae

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24
Q

Structure used for transfer of DNA. Has tube like structures to transfer.

A

Pili

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25
Q

Causative agent of gonorrhea. Has fimbriae.

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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26
Q

Bacteria that look like curved rods

A

vibrios (vibrio)

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27
Q

vibriocholera

A

Most powerful diarrhea

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28
Q

Helicobacteria pylori is an example of which type of spiral bacteria?

A

Spirillum

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29
Q

Causative agent of Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

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30
Q

Peptidoglycan made from _____ and _______.

A

teichoic acid and lipteichoic acid

31
Q

One sex pili function

A

To transfer drug/antibiotic resistance

32
Q

Process of attaching to another bacteria to pass plasmid to another bacteria

A

conjugation (sex pili)

33
Q

What gives the cell its shape?

A

The Cell Wall

34
Q

Cell structure that is the action site for antibiotics?

A

cell wall

35
Q

Cell wall prevents rupture by____________

A

Osmotic pressure

36
Q

_______ Acid differentiates type of bacteria within the same genus.

A

teichoic acid

37
Q

gram_____ bacteria has no teichoic acid

A

negative

38
Q

gram - has an outer cell wall membrane? T or F

A

True

39
Q

Lipopolysaccharide

A

antigenicity

40
Q

Lipid A causes______

A

endotoxins. Plays a role in disease.

41
Q

Gram ____ has no outer cell wall membrane

A

Positive

42
Q

Fagella structure in Gram + bacteria

A

2 rings in basal body

43
Q

Fagella structure in Gram - bacteria

A

4 rings in basal body

44
Q

Atypical cell wall bacteria with NO cell wall

A

Myocoplasma

45
Q

Myocoplasma contain _____ to protect from lysis.

A

Sterols

46
Q

Archaea Bacteria _____ peptiodoglycan

A

Lack

47
Q

Defective cell wall

A

L-form of bacteria - Corynebacteria

48
Q

Gram + cell subject to osmotic lysis

A

Protoplast

49
Q

Gram - cell subject to osmotic lysis

A

Spheroplast

50
Q

________ Made from phospholipid bilayer.

A

Plasma Membrane

51
Q

Most important function of plasma membrane

A

selectively permeable

52
Q

Solutes move from area of high concentration to low concentration until equal. No energy.

A

Simple diffusion (eg. o2 and co2)

53
Q

Diffusion using a carrier protein. No energy.

A

Facilitated diffusion (eg. glucose)

54
Q

Movement of solvent molecules (water) across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

55
Q

Solution in which water moves into cell

A

hypotonic

56
Q

Solution in which water moves out of the cell

A

hypertonic (cytoplasm becomes thick)

57
Q

Transport that requires energy (ATP) against concentration gradient

A

Active Transport

58
Q

Only in prokaryotes, substance chemically altered during transport. Once altered the substance remains in the cell. Enables the cell to accumulate various substances even though may be in low concentration outside the cell.

A

Group Translocation

59
Q

Common example of group translocation

A

Glucose ——> Glucose_6_Phosphate

60
Q

Cytoplasm made from_____

A

80% water

61
Q

Nuclear area contains_____ and ____

A

DNA (highly coiled) 20% of volume of cell and NO nuclear membrane

62
Q

_____ Production occurs in cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria

A

ATP

63
Q

Independent DNA; multiply independently

A

Plasmids

64
Q

_____ carry genes that give a cell an advantage by providing genes for drug resistance, virulence, toxins, enzymes

A

Plasmids

65
Q

Plasmid used as vectors in which tech?

A

Recombinant DNA Technology

66
Q

Ribosomes function?

A

Protein synthesis

67
Q

50s + 30s —> 70s

A

Procaryotes

68
Q

60s + 40s —> 80s

A

Eucaryotes

69
Q

Sac-like, nutrient pockets for storage

A

Inclusions

70
Q

Help cells adapt to harsh environments to help survive (survival structure)

A

Endospores

71
Q

Gram + bacteria that contain endospores (2 of them)

A

clostridium and bacillus

72
Q

Group Translocation _______ in eucaryotes.

A

Absent

73
Q

Eukaryotic cells contain ________, which are phagocytic cells (contain digestive enzymes)

A

Lysosomes

74
Q

Cell type without peptidogylcan

A

Eucaryotic cell

Med Micro exam 1 (4 decks)

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