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Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common Non-Hodgkins lymphoma in adults?

A

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

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2
Q

What lymphoma is associated with Hoshimoto’s and Sjorgen Syndrome?

A

MALToma — Marginal Cel Lymphoma

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3
Q

If you are diagnosed with Marginal Cell Lymphoma of the Antum of the stomach, what should be the treatment?

A

Treat the H.Pylori and Maltoma should resolve.

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4
Q

What characteristic of Follicular Lymphoma makes it become carcinogenic?

A

BCL-2 Activation – anti-apoptotic, but too much, prevents cell from dying.
t(14,18)

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5
Q

If irregular myeloid cells have a t(15,17), what most likely is the occuring?

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia – M3

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6
Q

What leukemia is associated with DIC and how do you treat it?

A

AML – t(15,17)

– All trans retinoic acid – allows the maturity of the cells and the patients have to take it the rest of their lives.

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7
Q

What translocation is associated with Cyclin D1 over activation?

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma – t(11,14)

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8
Q

What is always associated with Chromic Myeloid Leukemia?

A

Philadelphia Chromosome – t(9,22)

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9
Q

What cancer and translocation is associated with c-myc oncogene activation?

A

Burkitt Lymphoma – t(8,14)

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10
Q

What histology is associated with Burkitt Lymphoma?

A

Starry Sky Appearance – sheets of solid lymphocytes with interspaced macrophages

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11
Q

What Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with EBV?

A

Burkitt Lymphoma (African Type) – Jaw Lesion

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12
Q

What most commonly is associated with sporatic t(8,14) translocation?

A

Burkitt Lymphoma - Localized to Pelvis / Abdomen – Peyer’s Patches/Testicle

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13
Q

What is the most common T-cell lymphoma in adults? What is a risk factor?

A

Adult T-cell Lympoma – HTLV Virus (IV Drug Abuse)

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14
Q

What are the similarities between Adult T-cell Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma?

A
  • Lytic Bone Lesions

- Hypercalcemia

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15
Q

What is associated with atypical CD4+ cells with a cerebriform nuclei with skin patches and plaques?

A

Mycosis Fungoides

– if systemic Sezary Syndrome

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16
Q

What is a prognostic indicator of Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Percent of Reed-Sternburg Cells

17
Q

What markers are unique indicating Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

CD15 and CD30

18
Q

What is the most distinct clincal difference between Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Hodgkin – Localized LAD, painless, Neck / Mediastinum – Bimodal Distribution + Constituitional Symptoms
NonHodgkin – Multiple-nodules, extranodal involvment.
- Variable Age Onset - NO Constitutional Symptoms

19
Q

How does the remedy for cyanide poisoning work?

A

Give the patient Amyl-Nitrite – converts heme into methemoglobin (Fe+2–>Fe+3), which then Cyanide has a higher affinity for and is bound up in heme instead of ETC.

20
Q

How do you treat acute iron poisoning?

A

Deferoxamine - chelating agent

21
Q

How do you treat a build up of methemoglobinemia?

A

From oxidative stress converting the irons into different forms that do not bind oxygen.
– Treated with Methylene Blue, will reduce them back into Fe+2 form.

22
Q

How can non-hodgkins B-cell lymphoma be treated?

A

Rituximab – binds CD20 on B-cells and they will be destroyed by immune system

23
Q

What would you give a patient who is about to undergo a cardiac catheterization due to acute coronary syndrome?

A

Abciximab – binds GBIIb/IIIa receptor to prevent aggregation of platelets during the procedure

24
Q

What is the difference between HbS and HbC?

A

HbS – glutamate –> valine (less negative charge)
– able to sickle and cause disease
HbC – glutamate –> lysine (positive charge)
– minimal anemia and hemalysis

25
Q

What are direct thrombin inhibitors?

A

Argatraban
Bivalirudin
Dabigatran

26
Q

What common drugs to treat DVTs causes prolonged PPT, but Normal PT and Thrombin Time?

A

Factor Xa Inhibitors
DIRECT – Rivaroxaban - Apixaban
INDIRECT – Fondaparinux

27
Q

What would most commonly cause fatigue, fever, bone pain, and dysphagia in a 9 year old male?

A

T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  • – Less common than B-ALL
  • – MEDIASTINAL MASS – can obstruct vessels and esophagus when they get large enough
  • – Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
28
Q

What might be the diagnosis of an 8 year old male who has progressive fatigue, intermittent fevers, bone pain, and enlarged spleen. Lab finding indicate cells with surface markers CD10 and CD19.

A

B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

    • Most common child leukemia
    • CD10, CD19, CD20
29
Q

What is the most common cause of B-thalassemia?

A

Disruption of transcription, processing, or translation of the protein.

30
Q

If a patient notices everyday when he wakes up in the morning he has hematuria without any other symptoms, what might be found on labs?

A

Paroxysmal Noctural Hemaglobinuria
Pancytopenia – Aplastic Anemia
– Thrombotic Complications
Defective CD55 – Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor
**Excessive hemolysis of ALL cells due to complement

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