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Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common injury to damage the radial nerve?

A

Humerus Fracture – due to radial running in a ridge through the humeral head.

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2
Q

What nerve allows for extension of the hand and wrist wtih posterior arm/forearm sensation?

A

Radial Nerve - “Wrist Drop”

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3
Q

What muscle is responsible for initial abduction of the shoulder?

A

Infraspinatus

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4
Q

What are the 4 muscles involved in the rotator cuff?

A
    • Infraspinatus
    • Supraspinatus
    • Teres Minor
    • Subscapularis
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5
Q

If a patient walks with a limp and you notice when he steps with his left leg his left hip drops, what might be wrong?

A

RIGHT Superior Gluteal Nerve

– Gluteus Mediatus

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6
Q

What binds calcium in muscles to allow for muscle contraction?

A

Troponin
- Troponin T – binds troponin complex to tropomycin
- Troponin I – binds Troponin-Tropomycin complex
- Tropnin C – BINDS Calcium
(Calcium also binds Phosphorylase Kinase to activate and for it to activate glycogen breakdown by glycogen phosphorylase)

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7
Q

What is at higher risk for osteoporosis, white or black, and why?

A

White – more trabecular bone breakdown

    • Decreased osteoblast activity
    • Mostly localized in dorsolumbar and femur neck
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8
Q

How is chronic PTH elevation bone degradation different from osteoporosis?

A

Subperiosteal resorption with cystic degeneration

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9
Q

How does Vitamin D deficiency present in bone?

A

excessive unmineralized osteoid

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10
Q

What are the differences in contraction of muscle in striated and smooth?

A

Striated – No calcium from outside the cell is needed, uses SR-RyR channels to release Calcium to bind Troponin.
Smooth – Extracellular Ca+2 influxes through voltage gated channel binding Calmodulin (NO Troponin)

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11
Q

Upon histological exam of skin lesions with silver scales in extensor surfaces, what might be missing and/or present?

A

Hyperkeratosis with blood vessels in the epidermis above the papillae (thus reason it bleeds when scale peeled off)
Mitotic Activity above the basal level
Missing Stratum Granulosum

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12
Q

If there is weakness of the transversalis fascia, what kind of hernia is most likely?

A

Direct — superior to inguinal ligament and medial to epigastric vessel
– protrudes through the superficial ring

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13
Q

If a female develops a femoral hernia, which is inferior to the inguinal ligament, what vessel lies immediately lateral to it?

A

Femoral Vein

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14
Q

If there is an infection in the prostate, where would the lymph nodes drain?

A

–internal iliac nodes

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15
Q

If there are lesions on the scrotum where can you find lymphadenopathy?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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16
Q

If the testis are inflammed, where would you find lymphadenopathy?

A

Abdominal Aorta Nodes

17
Q

What nerve root is compressed if there is shooting pain into the lateral thigh and inner foot?

A

L5 Compression

18
Q

If a patient has weakness of plantar flexion and loss of ankle jerk, what root is most likely compression?

A

S1 Compression

19
Q

What can cause high dysphasia with frequent coughing, choking, and regurgitation?

A

Zenker Diverticulum

    • from chronic increased pressures in the esophagus leading to weakness in the wall and it protruding through.
    • False Diverticulum
    • Weakness of Cricopharyneal
20
Q

What step in collagen synthesis is impaired in osteogenica imperfecta?

A

Glycosolyation while still in ER

21
Q

What part of collagen synthesis is impaired in Ehlose-Danlos syndrome?

A

Unable to cleave the Pro-collagen (removing N and C terminals)

22
Q

If collagen has missing hydroxylation sites during synthesis, what might be the problem?

A

Vitamin C – Scurrvy

– unable to hydroxylate proline/lysine

23
Q

If a patient is balding, prior catarcts surgery, and says he has difficulty releasing his grip from door knobs, what kind of inheritance?

A

CTG Repeats – Dominant – Anticipation

    • Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
  • Type 1 Fiber Atrophy
  • Sustained Muscle Contraction
  • Catarcts
  • Alopecia
  • Gonadal Atrophy
24
Q

If there is a cleft lip, what did not develop properly?

A

Nasal Prominences

25
Q

If there is a cleft palate, what is defective

A

Palatine Shelves failed to fuse

26
Q

What skin pathology beings with a single pink/brown plaque with central clearing and then develops a “christmas tree orientation”?

A

Pityriasis Rosea

27
Q

what is the histology of Acute Atopic Dermatitis?

A

Spongiosis edema of the epidermis

  • very itchy, mostly children and infants
  • associated with asthma
28
Q

What are risks associated with thyroidectomy?

A

Damage to:

  • External branch of Superior laryngeal nerve
  • -> supplies cricothyroid muscle (only innervation)
  • Recurrant Laryngeal Nerve
  • -> vocal cords and sensation distally

Step 1 (16 decks)

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