Ch. 23

Question 1

A concrete and barbed wire wall physically sep- arating East and West Berlin; most recognizable symbol of the Cold War

Answer 1

Berlin Wall

Question 2

the use of military, economic, diplomatic, and psychological means to curtail the further advance of communism

Answer 2

Containment

Question 3

relaxation of tensions

Answer 3

Détente

Question 4

the Cold War theory that once Vietnam fell to communism, then other countries of Asia would fall like dominos toppling against one another

Answer 4

Domino Theory

Question 5

“openness”; Soviet policy of encouraging open discussions of the problems facing the USSR

Answer 5

Glasnost

Question 6

the dividing line between Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe

Answer 6

Iron curtain

Question 7

wars limited to specific geographic areas

Answer 7

Limited wars

Question 8

European Recovery Act; provided massive economic assistance for post-World War II Europe; the western nations accepted the funds and the eastern na- tions did not

Answer 8

Marshall plan

Question 9

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; a regional military alliance to defend against Soviet expansion

Answer 9

NATO

Question 10

the Cold War policy that sought “to keep to the positions of ideological struggle without resorting to arms”

Answer 10

Peaceful coexistence

Question 11

Soviet policy during the 1980s of a wide range of social, political, and economic reforms

Answer 11

Perestroika

Question 12

the 1954 border between North Vietnam and South Vietnam

Answer 12

17th parallel

Question 13

A powerful labor union in Poland that opposed the Polish Communist government

Answer 13

Solidarity

Question 14

Communist organization of workers

Answer 14

Soviet

Question 15

failed surprise attack of the North Vietnam- ese on South Vietnam; affected the American attitude toward the Vietnam War

Answer 15

Tet offensive

Question 16

the border between North and South Korea

Answer 16

38th parallel

Question 17

square in Beijing, China; site of a deadly confrontation between the Chinese army and college-aged dissidents

Answer 17

Tiananmen square

Question 18

the principle, enunciated by Harry S. Truman, of assisting countries in a struggle against communism

Answer 18

Truman doctrine

Question 19

Communist guer il l as who launched subversive activity in South Vietnam

Answer 19

Viet Cong

Question 20

the policy of gradually turning the burden of the fighting of the Vietnam War over to the South Vietnamese

Answer 20

Vietnamization

Question 21

Soviet regional military alliance that included Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe; organized to counter NATO

Answer 21

Warsaw Pact

Question 22

failed American attempt to invade Cuba

Answer 22

Bay of pigs