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Basic Science Board Review > Micro-Part Uno, basics up to G+ > Flashcards

Micro-Part Uno, basics up to G+ Flashcards

1
Q

Which Protozoa is responsible for Malaria?

A

PLASMODIUM

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2
Q

What opportunistic fungus causes PCP infections in AIDS patients?

A

PneumoCystis

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3
Q

What is the protozoa harbored in CATS that can help them trick helpless mice into not fearing their pee? (can affect crazy cat ladies too)

A

Toxo-Plasma GONDII

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4
Q

What are the ONLY two shapes of Gram + cells?

A

Bacillus and Cocci

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of free-living Gram -?

A

Rods(8 of them), Curved Rods (Vibrio-Cholera), Cocci (meningitis), Spir-o-chetes (Syphillis, lyme dis.)

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6
Q

What do these viruses have in common? Herpes, Hep-B, Papilloma

A

they are DNA viruses

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7
Q

What do these viruses have in common? EBOLA, Rubella, Influenza, Mumps, Measles, Hep-C, HIV? RotaViruses, Hep-A, Hep-E, Polio

A

They are all RNA (HIV is RNA-RetroVirus)

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8
Q

What do these viruses have in common? Herpes, Hep-B, EBOLA, Rubella, Influenza, Mumps, Measles, Hep-C, HIV

A

They are all enveloped!

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9
Q

What do these Viruses have in common? Papilloma, RotaViruses, Hep-A, Hep-E, Polio

A

They are all naked! (not enveloped) AND THEREFORE HEARTY BASTARDS

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10
Q

What size is the bacterial Ribosome?

A

70s (eukaryotic, human/fungal=80s)

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11
Q

What enzymes are constantly breaking down/reforming peptidoglycan like bone resorption?

A

Auto-Lysins!

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12
Q

What is the result of LPS activation of the clotting system in the blood vessels? (BIG CONCEPT on THE map)

A

Disseminated IntraVascular Coagulation

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13
Q

What are the three (1, 2a, 2b)products of LPS binding to MacrOphages?

A
  1. COLLAGENASE(destroy collagen) 2. Prostaglandin (PGE-2) 3. TNF-alpha
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14
Q

What is the main fxn discussed for the PGE-2 prostaglandin release by MacrOpahges?

A

Bone Resorption!

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15
Q

What is the chain reaction of Macrophage release of TNF-alpha? Whats the END result (BIG CONCEPT)?

A

TNF-alpha—> increase NO production—>relaxation of blood vessels–>HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK (SEPTIC SHOCK)

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16
Q

What its the enzyme for breaking up peptidoglycan?

A

Lysozyme

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17
Q

What is intracellular glucose storage for a bacterium? Extracellular storage?

A

Intra=Glycogen Extra=DEXTRANS (Caries!!)

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18
Q

What is the receptor on Macrophages that LPS binds to?

A

TLR-4 (Toll Like Receptor-4)

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19
Q

What are these examples of?: Macrophage, Kuppfer Cell, Dendritic Cell, Glial Cell, Alveolar, Neutrophil (large bone, marrow pool)?

A

PROFESSIONAL Phagocytes

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20
Q

What antibodies are present on Mast Cells?

A

IgE…EyEs!! Looking out for insults!

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21
Q

What is the process of coating antigens with antibodies to enhance phagocytosis?

A

Opsonization

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22
Q

What are the receptors on phagocytes that bind the suitcase handle on the pathogen?

A

The Fc Receptor of the phagocyte binds to the Fc region or the antibody(suitcase holder)

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23
Q

What are the three types of ExoToxins?

A
  1. Cytolytic 2. AB exotoxins 3.SuperAntigens
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24
Q

Which cascade molecules stimulate Mast cells?

A

C3a and C5a

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25
Q

Which protein of the AB complex BINDS to the target cell?

A

B, as in BIND!

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26
Q

Which AB toxin cleaves ribosomal RNA and therefore blocks ribosome function?

A

Shigella

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27
Q

Which AB exotoxin uses NADH to add ribose to elongation factor and therefore blocks protein synthesis?

A

DiphTheria

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28
Q

Which AB exotoxin uses NADH to add ribose to G-Proteins?

A

Cholera

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29
Q

Which AB exotoxin toxin blocks release of inhibitory mediators by intermediate neurons, permitting muscle neurons to continue to fire causing continuous muscle constriction?

A

Tetanus toxin

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30
Q

Which AB exotoxin toxin blocks vesicles with acetylcholine mediator from fusing with the muscle synapses, thus blocking muscle action, leading to flaccid paralysis?

A

Botulism Toxin

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31
Q

Which exotoxin inappropriately binds the Thelper cell TCR to HLA class II molecule on AntigenPresentingCells, initiating Thelper cell/macrophage activation? WHAT is the FINAL Result??

A

This is SuperAntigen Exotoxin, the FINAL result is A CYTOKINE STORM!!!

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32
Q

What is the END result of superantigen of Strep Pyogenes?

A

Scarlet Fever

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33
Q

What are the three ways we can classify a Strep member?

A

1.Hemolysis (beta, alpha, gamma) 2.Its Lancefield CHO Antigens (A,B) 3. Its Natural Clusters/loactions

34
Q

What is the beta-hemolytic strep’s affect on RBCs?

A

COMPLETE hemolysis

35
Q

What is the alpha-hemolytic streps affect on RBCs?

A

Changes Hemoglobin shape and therefore changes its color to GREEN!

36
Q

What is the gamma-hemolytic strep affect on an RBC?

A

NOTHING!

37
Q

What are the MAJOR bacterial species found in the oral cavity?

A

alpha-hemolytic viridans strep…S. Mitis, S. Salivarius, S. Mutans

38
Q

What is G.A.S. (group-a-strep), has many toxins, and causes step throat, rheumatic fever, cellulitis, and scarlet fever?

A

Strep Pyogenes

39
Q

What is Beta-hemolytic, has a Capsule, and causes neonatal sepsis (birth canal flora)? (hint: battle star galactitca)

A

S. Agalactiae

40
Q

What is alpha-hemolytic, has a capsule, and causes MENINGITIS, pneumonia, and ear infections?

A

S. Pneumoniae

41
Q

Which hypersensitivity type is most serious?

A

Type I

42
Q

What is the skin manifestation of BOTH Strep AND Staph pyogenic infection?

A

Impetigo

43
Q

What are the three main strep pyogenic/LOCAL infections?

A

Strep Throat, Impetigo, and Cellulitis

44
Q

What are the two main toxic systemic diseases of strep?

A

Scarlet Fever and Strep Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)

45
Q

What are the two main Sequelae diseases of strep? What are their sensitivity types?

A

Rheumatic Fever (Type II), and Glomerulonephritis (Type III)

46
Q

Which of the three exotoxin classes is at the root of Scarlet Fever and Strep Toxic Shock-LIKE Syndrome? (end result is a cytokine storm)

A

Superantigen! (Toxin “glues” TCR’s to Class II MHCs)

47
Q

Which Type of hypersensativiy has to do with the coke bottle and the water bottle looking similar and therefore the body mounts a response agains both pathogen and self receptors?

A

Type II…..Think Two bottles!

48
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is caused by the formation of complexes that can gather “like leaves on the storm drain during the fall?” (which then macrophages come and indescriminantly eat)

A

Type III…Think Fall is the third season

49
Q

Coagulase+, yellow colony
o Protein A, many secreted enzymes & toxins
o Frequently drug resistant
o Food poisoning, osteomyelitis, toxic shock syndrome, nosocomial
infections, skin infections: abscesses (stye, boil, carbuncle) and impetigo

A

S. Aureus

50
Q

No coagulase, white colony
o Capsule
o Frequently drug resistant
o Catheter & prosthetic implant infections

A

S. Epidermis

51
Q

No coagulase, white colony, Urinary tract infections in young women (behind E.Coli)

A

S. SAP-RO-PHY-TI-CUS

52
Q

What is the disease caused by Exfoliative toxin? What stage of infection is it?

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome…Systemic Toxic diesase

53
Q

What staph invades via catheters/ needle inn?

A

Staph Epidermis

54
Q

Which bug am I?? causes abscesses, pyogenic infections (endocarditis and osteomyelitis). Food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome

A

Staph Aureus

55
Q

Which bug can cause SUB-acute endocarditis?

A

Gram + Staph Epidermidis

56
Q

Staph Aureus has Protein ___ and ____-hemolytic features. It also has ______ acid to help it adhere to mucosal cells.

A

Protein A….beta-hemolytic….Teichoic Acid

57
Q

What is the Staph Aureus toxin that causes vomiting and water disrrhea?

A

Enterotoxin

58
Q

What two bugs cause toxic shock syndrome?

A

Staph Aureus and Strep Pyogenes

59
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Staph Aureus

60
Q

Impetigo- honey colored crests

A

Staph Aureus (impetigo can also be caused by Strept Pyogenes)

61
Q

Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

A

Staph Aureus

62
Q

Sub-Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

A

Strep Viridans-Strep Mutans, Strep Viridans

63
Q

What is THE group A, beta-hymolyic bug?

A

Strept Pyogenes

64
Q

Scarlet Fever/Strawberry Tongue

A

Strept Pyogenes

65
Q

What is a prime example of a Lansfield group B bug?

A

Strept Ag-al-act-iae

66
Q

What is more virulent: Sub-Acute EndoCarditis or Acute Endocarditis?

A

Acute Endocarditis (Staph Aureus) is more virulent than Sub-Acute Endocarditis (Viridans Strept)

67
Q

What is the #1 bug that causes adult meningitis?

A

Strept Pneumoniae

68
Q

What is the #1 bug that causes pneumonia in adults?

A

Strept Pneumoniae

69
Q

What G+ bug causes anthrax? What are the manifestations on the skin called?

A

bacillus anthracis…black eschars (I guess its painless!)

70
Q

What is a common cause of food poisoning (besides Staph Aureus) from ingestion of reheated grains/rice? (wow I’ve probably got some of this swimming around me right now)

A

bacillus cereus

71
Q

What causes the Childhood disease Diptheriae?

A

Corynebacterium Diptheriae

72
Q

What is the famous bacteria that has a Glutamic Acid capsule instead of the normal capsule?

A

Bacillus Anthracis

73
Q

What is the ONLY gram + rod that makes LPS?!?! Yes! LPS in a G+!! Holy Shit!!! (Poor Blue Bell Ice Cream)

A

Listeria MonoCytoGenes

74
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Diptheriae?

A

Respiratory Droplets

75
Q

Which bug causes a grey pseudomembrane on the THroat?

A

corynebacterium dipTHeriae

76
Q

Which G+ anaerobe produces a toxin that BLOCKS the release of the inhibitory mediator GABA?

A

Clostridium Tetani

77
Q

Which G+ anaerobe produces a toxin that blocks the release of acetylcholine?

A

Clostridium Botulinum

78
Q

What bug causes gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium Perfringens

79
Q

What is the G+ bug that causes pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Clostridium Difficile

80
Q

What is cryptococcus’ main virulence factor?

A

a capsule

81
Q

What are the TORCH infection bugs?

A

Toxoplasma, Other-6 ((Coxsackie, VZV, Chlamydia, HIV, Syphillis, Hep B)), Rubella (measles), CMV, HSV-2

Basic Science Board Review (13 decks)

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