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Microbio > Primer > Flashcards

Primer Flashcards

1
Q

Mobile genetic elements. Jumping genes

A

Transposons

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2
Q

Dna replication followed by insertion of new copy into another site

A

Replicative transposition

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3
Q

Dna is excised from the site without replicaitng and the inserted in new site

A

Direct transposition

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4
Q

Vacuolated neurons with loss of fxn and lack of an immune response or inflammation

A

Spongiform encephalopathies

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5
Q

No human disease

A

Viroids

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6
Q

Human prion disease. Dementia and death

A

Creutzfeldt-jakod disease

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7
Q

Prion disease. Loss of muscle control, shivering, myoclonic jerks, loss of coordiation

A

Kuru

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8
Q

Treatment for prion

A

None
Cessation of cannanalism
Disinfection of neurotools and electrodes with 5% hypochlorite or dosium dioxide
Elimination of animal products from livestock

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9
Q

Smallest bacteria

A

Mycoplasma

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10
Q

Largest medically important bacteira

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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11
Q

Largest bacteria

A

Thiomargarita namibiensis

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12
Q

All mycobacteria have cell wall composed of pepticoglycan except

A

Mycoplasma-sterol

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13
Q

Kill bacteria by cleaving the gkycan backbone

A

Lysozymes

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14
Q

Exclusive to gram-positive

A

Teichiic acid

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15
Q

Unique to gram neg

A

Endotoxins/LPS

outer membrane

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16
Q

All gram-positive bacteria have no endotoxin EXCEPT

A

Listeria monicytogenous-

Endotoxin shock

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17
Q

In gram staining, lipid is washed away by

A

Decolorizing agent: acetone

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18
Q

Bacteria not seen in gram staining

A 
Mycobacteriae
Spirochetes
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia
Rickettsiae
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19
Q

Legionella

A

Silverstain

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20
Q

Chlamydia

A

Giemsa stain

Inclusion bodies

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21
Q

Rickettsiae

A

Giemsa stain

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22
Q

Spirochetes

A

Darkfield microscopy

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23
Q

Mycobacteriae

A

Acid fast stain

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24
Q

All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide except

A

Bacillus anthracis-protein

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25
Q

Spores

A

Bacillus

Clostirium

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26
Q

Capable of cleaning up environmental hazards such as oil spills and toxic chemical wastes

A

Biomediation

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27
Q

Genes for antibiotic resistance and toxins

A

Plasmids

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28
Q

Cells are depleted, nutrients are incorporated, zero griwth rate. What phase of bacterial growth

A

Lag phase

Log phase-constant growth
Maximum stationary phase- exhaustion of nutients, zero griwth rate

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29
Q

Oxygen metabolic generates toxic products such as

A

Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide

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30
Q

Needed to survive in aerobic environments

A

Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase

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31
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Dependent on oxygen

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32
Q

Use fermentation but can tolerate low amounts of oxygen

A

Microaerophiles

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33
Q

Microaerophiles Use fermentation but can tolerate low amounts of oxygen because they have

A

Superixide dismutase SOD

34
Q

Examples of obligate aerobes

A

Pseudomonas, mycobacterium

35
Q

Examples of microaerolphiles

A

Campylobacter, helicobacter

36
Q

ABC Of anaerobes

A

Actinimyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium

37
Q

Sleep-lucid-somnolent

A

African triptosomaniasis

38
Q

DNA transferred from one bacterium to another

A

Conjugation

39
Q

Virus from one cell to another

A

Transduction

40
Q

Purified DNA taken up bu a cell

A

Transformation

41
Q

Normal flora

Skin

A

Staph epidermidis

42
Q

Normal flora

Nose

A

Staph aureus

43
Q

Normal flora

Mouth

A

Viridans sterptococci

44
Q

Dental plaque

A

Streptococcus mutans

45
Q

Colon

A

Bacteroides

E. Coli

46
Q

Vagina

A

Lacyobacillus vaginalis
E. Coli
Streptococcus agalactiae

47
Q

Pili

A

Attachment

48
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Strong adhernce

49
Q

Mediate binding to endothelium in Salmonella and e. Coli

A

Curli

50
Q

Source of endotoxin

A

Gram- negative bacteria

51
Q

Typical disease of exotoxin

A

Tetanus, botulism

52
Q

Typical disease of endotoxin

A

Meningococcemia strains A , C , Y, W135

53
Q

All exotoxins are heat labile excpet

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

54
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Egg yolk

55
Q

Corynbacterium diphtheriae

A

Tellurite

56
Q

Group D streptococci

A

Bile esculin

57
Q

Staphylococci

A

Mannitol salts

58
Q

N. Meningitidis agar

A

Chocolte

59
Q

N. Gonorrhea sterile agar chocolte

A

Chocolate

60
Q

N. Gonorrhea nonsterile

A

Thayer martin

61
Q

H. Flu

A

Chocolate + factors X and V

62
Q

Mycobacterium agar

A

Lowenstein-jensen/ middlebrook

63
Q

Vibrio cholerae agar

A

Thiosulfate citrate bile salts (TCBS)

64
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Bordet-gengou/regan-lowe charcoal

65
Q

Legionella pneumophilla

A

Charcoal-yeast extract

66
Q

Campylobacter, helicobacter agar

A

Skirrows/campy

67
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi agar

A

Barbour-stoenner-kelly (BSK)

68
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae agar

A

Eaton

69
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa agar

A

Cetrimide

70
Q

Salmonella, shigella agar

A

Kylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD)

71
Q

Leptospira interrogans agar

A

Ellinghausen-McCullough-johnson-harris (EMJH)/ fltecher’s

72
Q

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

73
Q

Kernicterus in neonates caused by what drug

A

Sulfonamides

74
Q

Cause cartilage damage and arthropathy in children

A

Quinolones

75
Q

Purplish brown discoloration of teeth

A

Tetracyclines

76
Q

Teratogenic and never be used

A

Metronidazole and ticarcillin

77
Q

Effects on CN VIII fxn of fetus

A

Aminoglycosides

78
Q

In g6pd, these drugs will precipitate hemolysis

A

Chloramphenicol
Sulfonamides
Nitrofurantoin

79
Q

Slow acetylators of INH

A

Amercins- polyneuritis

80
Q

Fast acetylators of INH

A

Asians- hepatotoxic

Microbio (12 decks)

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