3.9 Alcohol use disorders Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 3.9 Alcohol use disorders Deck (24)
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1
Q

What should you say to a patient with an AUDIT score of 0-7?

A

This is lower risk drinking

Reinforce current drinking patterns.

2
Q

What should you say to a patient with an AUDIT score of 8-14?

A

This is hazardous drinking.

Deliver brief intervention.

3
Q

What should you say to a patient with an AUDIT score of 15-19?

A

This is harmful drinking.
Deliver brief intervention.
Deliver motivational enhancement therapy sessions.
Consider prescribing options.

4
Q

What should you say to a patient with an AUDIT score of 20+ or DUI 15+ possible dependence?

A

Do a comprehensive assessment.

5
Q

What does FRAMES stand for, in brief interventions for alcohol drinking that is hazardous or harmful?

A
F-feedback
R-responsibility
A-advice 
M-menu of options 
E-empathy
S-self-efficacy
6
Q

What are the safe drinking limits for men?

A

3-4 units per day, and
Max 21 units per week

2 alcohol free days per week.
A binge is >8 units

7
Q

What are the safe drinking limits for women?

A

2-3 units per day, and
Max 14 units per week

2 alcohol free days per week
A binge is >6 units (eg. 2 large glasses of 12% wine)

8
Q

How many units of alcohol are there in a 12% bottle of wine?

A

9 units

9
Q

What questionnaire can you administer to assess and enhance motivation?

A

Readiness for Change Questionnaire RCQ

10
Q

What is included in the comprehensive assessment of alcohol intake?

A
  1. Consumption- patterns, daily unit intake
  2. Dependence- SAQD
  3. Alcohol related problems- APQ
  4. Treatment history
  5. Comorbidity- physical, psychological, social
  6. Other substance use histyory
  7. Cognitive function assessment- MMSE
  8. Readiness and belief in ability to change- RCQ?
11
Q

How should a patient with the following results be managed?

  • Alcohol dependence
  • AUDIT 20+
  • Daily unit intake/SADQ indicate moderate dependence
  • DUI 15-30
  • No medical comorbidities
A

Community medically assisted alcohol withdrawal.

12
Q

How should patients with medical comorbidities and severe alcohol dependence be managed?

A

Inpatient medically assisted alcohol withdrawal

13
Q

What is Dependence Syndrome?

A
  1. Tolerance- need increased amounts for effects
  2. Withdrawal state- when reduced/ceased intake
  3. Compulsion - strong desire to take substance
  4. Impaired control of drink/drug starting/ending/amount of use
  5. Preoccupation
  6. Use despite clear harmful consequences
14
Q

What are the features of alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

A
  1. Sympathetic: tremor, sweating, nausea, retching, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia
  2. Mood: anxiety, agitation
  3. Insomina, nightmares
  4. Perceptions: auditory, visual, tactile hallucinations x 6 days
  5. Seizures- withdrawal seizures x 48H
  6. Delirium tremens 48-72H, coarse tremors, confusion, delusions, hallucinations
15
Q

What drugs can be used in medically assisted alcohol withdrawal?

A
  1. Chlordiazepoxide in fixing reducing doses
16
Q

Which groups may require a lower starting dose on the fixed reducing dose schedule of chlordiazepoxide in MAAW?

A

Women
Elderly
Underweight
Physical co-morbidities

17
Q

What co-morbidities would prompt an inpatient medically assisted withdrawal from alcohol treatment plan?

A
  1. hx of epilepsy
  2. hx of seizures or delirum tremens with previous attempts at medically assisted withdrawal
  3. benzodiazepine dependence
  4. Sig psychiatric or physical comorbidity
  5. Sig LD or cognitive impairment
  6. Homeless
  7. Aged >65
18
Q

What are the characteristics of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?

A
  1. Staggering gait
  2. Ophthalmoplegia
  3. Confusional state
    +/- hypothermia, hypotension, nystagmus, agitation

20% mortality
Due to thiamine B1 deficiency - Treat with PABRINEX

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Korsakoff’s syndrome?

A
  1. Short term memory (impairment)
  2. Confabulation
  3. Clear consciousness (LoC)

20% improve with thiamine - Treat with PABRINEX
25% require long term care
Due to thiamine B1 deficiency

20
Q

What is the peripheral neuropathy of alcohol like?

A

numbness
pain
hyperaesthesia
weakness

in a glove and stocking distribution
Up to 70%
Due to thiamine B1 deficiency

21
Q

What is the role of ACAMPROSATE in alcohol treatment?

A

ACAMPROSATE reduces glutaminergic activity.
Reduces alcohol cravings.
Adjunct.
Maintains abstinence.

22
Q

What is the role of NALTREXONE in alcohol treatment?

A

NALTREXONE is an opiate receptor antagonist.
Reduces pleasure of alcohol.
Reduces risk of lapse becoming a RElapse.

23
Q

What is the role of NALMEFENE in alcohol treatment?

A

NALMEFENE is an opiate receptor ANTAGONIST.

It reduces alcohol consumption.

24
Q

What is the role of DISULFIRAM in alcohol treatment?

A

DISULFIRAM inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.
It induces an unpleasant reaction after alcohol consumption.
Adjunct.
Maintains abstinence.