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Chem110 > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Bronsted acid?

A

Any substance that can donate a proton to another substance

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2
Q

What is a Bronsted base?

A

Any substance that can accept a proton

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3
Q

What is an amphiprotic species?

A

A species that can act as either an acid or a base

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4
Q

What is a triprotic acid?

A

A substance that can donate up to three protons on reacting with H2O

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5
Q

If the K value of an acid is high then the acid is…?

A

Strong

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6
Q

Would Cl, NO2, CO2 strengthen or weaken an acid?

A

Strengthen

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7
Q

Arrange in order of acid strength: Alcohols, Carboxylic acids, Phenols

A

Alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids

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8
Q

Would the presence of a Ch3 substituent increase the acidity of a phenol?

A

No-Ch3 is electron donating

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9
Q

The harder it is to remove a proton from a species, the …. the acid

A

Weaker

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10
Q

The higher the electronegativity of the atom that H is bonded to, the … the acid

A

Stronger

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11
Q

What is an oxoacid?

A

An acid which contains an oxygen

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12
Q

Why does having more electronegative atoms attached to the central atom increase acid strength?

A

The negative charge on the resulting anion is more easily delocalised with more electronegative atoms, making it more stable

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13
Q

Kw is called

A

The autoprotolysis constant of water

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14
Q

In a weak acid calculation, the concentration of the conjugate base is equal to that of the…?

A

Concentration of H3O+

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15
Q

In a weak acid calculation, the concentration of the acid is equal to …?

A

The initial concentration - H3O+ concentration

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16
Q

In a salt calculation, the concentration of the conjugate base is equal to…?

A

The initial concentration - OH- concentration

17
Q

In a salt calculation, the concentration of the acid is equal to…?

A

Concentration of OH-

18
Q

What is the equivalence point of a titration?

A

The point at which exactly equal stoichiometric amounts of acid and base have been reacted eg. where precisely the right amount of OH- has been added to convert all of the acid into its conjugate base

19
Q

What is the end point of an indicator?

A

The point at which it changes colour

20
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A weak acid for which the acid and conjugate base have different colours

21
Q

What is the formula for calculating the pH at an equivalence point of a titration?

A

pH= 7 + 1/2xpKa + 1/2xlog(concentration of conj base at equivalence point)

22
Q

Why is pK1 always less than pK2?

A

The loss of the first proton is easier than the second so the first step is always more favoured

23
Q

Where on a titration curve is equal to pK2?

A

The second buffer zone

24
Q

Which species are present in the first buffer zone?

A

Equal concentrations of the original species and its conjugate

25
Q

Which species is predominantly present at the first equivalence point?

A

The conjugate of the original species in the flask

26
Q

What is the major buffering pair used in blood?

A

H2CO3 and HCO3-

27
Q

What is the concentration of H2CO3 in blood controlled by?

A

Respiration

28
Q

What must the pH of the ocean be?

A

8.4

29
Q

Which dye colours poppies and cornflowers?

A

Cyanidin

30
Q

Which two functional groups do proteins contain?

A

Carboxylic acid and amine

31
Q

What is a zwitterion?

A

A dipolar ion that contains ionic groups of opposite charge and is overall neutral formed by internal proton transfer

32
Q

What is the isoelectric point? (pI)

A

The pH at which the majority of species is the zwitterions

33
Q

What is a technique used to separate amino acids?

A

Electrophoresis

34
Q

If a species has a low pI, which electrode will it be attracted to during electrophoresis?

A

The positive one, as low pI corresponds to high pH

35
Q

What is electrophoresis?

A

The separation of amino acids based on their isolectric points

36
Q

What is acid rain?

A

Rain with a pH greater than 7 due to dissolved gases such as SO3, SO2 and NO2

37
Q

Why do weak acids have high pHs?

A

It does not dissociate completely, so the equilibrium lies to the left so the concentration of H3O+ is less than the concentration of the acid

Chem110 (5 decks)

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