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Organ Histology Final > Small Intestines > Flashcards

Small Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general functions of the small intestines?

A

Digestion
Absorb Nutrients
Produce Intestinal Hormones using DNES cells

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2
Q

What are the 3 surface adaptations to increase surface area by a factor of 400+?

A

Plicae Circulares
Villi
Microvilli

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3
Q

What are permanent folds affecting the mucosa and submucosa and are also found together throughout the duodenum, jejunum and proximal ileum?

A

Plicae Circulares

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4
Q

What surface adaptation is found on the luminal cell surface?

A

Microvilli

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5
Q

What is the surface epithelium for the mucosa of the small intestine?

A

Simple Columnar

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6
Q

What are the cell types found in the surface epithelium of the small intestine?

A 
Surface Absorptive Cells
Goblet Cells
DNES Cells
Regenerative Cells
Paneth Cells
M Cells
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7
Q

What is another name for surface absorptive cells?

A

Enterocytes

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8
Q

What are the main functions of the surface absorptive cells?

A

Absorb Water and Nutrients

Terminal DIgestion in Glycocalyx

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9
Q

Which cell is found least in the duodenum but mostly in the ileum?

A

Goblet Cells

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10
Q

Type I DNES cells produce what that will stimulate gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion of enzymes from serous acini?

A

CCK

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11
Q

Type K DNES cells produce GIP which inhibits?

A

HCL release

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12
Q

Type S DNES cells produce what that stimulates pancreas secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreatic ducts. It will also inhibit HCL release and the movement of chyme into small intestines?

A

Secretin

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13
Q

How long do paneth cells live?

A

About 20 days

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14
Q

What is the location of paneth cells?

A

Crypts (intestinal glands)

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15
Q

What is the function of paneth cells?

A

Lysozymes

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16
Q

What is the location of M cells?

A

Ileum epithelium over peyers patches

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17
Q

What cells contain large intracellular pockets that are fairly open to the lamina propria?

A

M cells

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18
Q

M cells sample foreign antigens in gut lumen and transfer antigens to lymphocytes and dendritic cells that have entered the?

A

M cell pockets

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19
Q

What is the function of M cells?

A

Promote Humoral Immunity

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20
Q

M cells are important in maintaining appropriate?

A

Gut Flora

21
Q

What tissue is the lamina propria of the small intestine made of?

A

Loose Areolar CT

22
Q

The lamina propria is found where?

A

Villus Core

23
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Lymphatic Capillaries

24
Q

What is the function of lacteals?

A

Lipid Absorption

25
Q

What layer of the small intestine has vascular components and some longitudinal smooth muscle?

A

Lamina Propria

26
Q

Is the muscularis mucosa present in the mucosa of the small intestine?

A

Yes but it’s thin

27
Q

What layer of the small intestine is very vascular and made of dense fibroelastic CT?

A

Submucosa

28
Q

What are the seromucus glands found in the duodenum?

A

Duodenal (Brunner) Glands

29
Q

What do brunner glands secrete?

A

Alkaline mucus which neutralizes chyme

Urogastrone

30
Q

Urogastrone will inhibit HCL secretion as well as increase?

A

Mitosis of epithelial cells

31
Q

Are there any significant structures in the jejunum?

A

No

32
Q

What is the location of Peyer’s Patches?

A

Ileum

33
Q

Peyer’s Patches are groups of regularly occurring?

A

Large Lymph Nodules

34
Q

The submucosal plexus have what type of innervation?

A

Parasympathetic

35
Q

The myenteric plexus stimulates the ME for?

A

Peristalsis

36
Q

Serosa is found where?

A

All jejunum and ileum

37
Q

Adventitia is found where?

A

Vertical Portion of Duodenum

38
Q

What valve is found between ileum and cecum of the colon?

A

Ileocecal Valve

39
Q

Is the ileocecal valve a physiological or anatomical sphincter?

A

Both

40
Q

What is a blind pouch on the R that extends from the cecum?

A

Appendix

41
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the mucosa for the appendix?

A

Simple Columnar

42
Q

The surface epithelium of the mucosa has what cells?

A

Surface Absorptive Cells
Goblet Cells
Regenerative Cells
DNES Cells

43
Q

Is there a lamina propria for the appendix?

A

Yes

44
Q

Is the muscularis mucosa well developed in the appendix?

A

No

45
Q

What are other characteristics about the appendix

A

Short Crypts
No Villi
No to infrequent Paneth Cells

46
Q

The submucosa of the appendix is a thick layer with large?

A

Blood Vessels

47
Q

The submucosa has numerous?

A

Lymph Nodules

48
Q

What is the function of the appendix?

A

Humoral Immunity

Reservior for Good Bacteria

Organ Histology Final (11 decks)

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