Chap. 7 - MDD biological theories

Question 1

The single strongest predictor of depression is…

Answer 1

Having a depressed parent

Question 2

Children of depressed parents are __ times more likely to experience MDD and have a __% chance of having an episode by age 18.

Answer 2

3 times more likely

40% chance by 18

Question 3

SNP or CNV suspected in MDD?

Answer 3

SNP

Question 4

Earlier onset of MDD = more or less severe symptoms?

Answer 4

More severe

Question 5

Neurovegetative symptoms of depression

Answer 5

Disturbances in sleep, appetite, libido
Lethargy
Anhedonia

Question 6

High levels of cortisol in many depressed patients seems to implicate which feedback mechanism?

Answer 6

HPA axis

Question 7

In response to stress, the hypothalamus releases _____ _____ _____ which stimulates the pituitary to release ____ _____ which stimulates the adrenals to release _____.

Answer 7

Hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone
Pituitary releases adrenocorticotropin hormone
Adrenals release cortisol

Question 8

HPA dysregulation theory led to the now-discredited _____ _____ test.

Answer 8

Dexamethasone suppression test

Question 9

Three NTs implicated in depression

Answer 9

Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine

Question 10

Two anatomical anomalies in the brain implicated in depression

Answer 10

Hypovolemic hippocampus

Hypovolemic prefrontal cortex-limbic striatal areas

Question 11

MDD is more or less common in TBI, stroke, and trauma?

Answer 11

More common

Question 12

Sleep and REM disturbances are more or less common in depression?

Answer 12

More common