N: digestion, absorption & transport Flashcards
describe how muscular actions aid in food digestions in small intestine:
- 2 layers of muscle: inner circular and outer longitudinal
- muscles work together in 2 ways:
1) PERISTALSIS: pushes digestive contents along
2) SEGMENTATION: contractions by circular muscles that squeeze contents to promote mixing with digestive juices
describe how muscular actions aid in food digestions in stomach:
- 3 layers of muscle: diagonal, circular, longitudinal
- these layers alternatively contract and relax to churn the chyme and force downward
2 muscular actions that happen in the small intestine:
peristalsis
segementation
what is the action of peristalsis?
pushes digestive contents along
what is the action of segmentation?
contractions by inner circular muscles that squeeze contents to promote mixing with digestive juices
describe how muscular actions aid in food digestions in sphincter muscles:
- one at top and bottom of stomach
- regulate movement of food through periodically opening and closing
- prevents reflux(backing up) of material
enzyme in mouth that digests food?
amylases
what digestive processes occur in small intestine?
- pancreas releases bicarbonate to neutralise stomach acid
- ## receives bile salts from liver via gallbladder
function of bile:
acts as emulsifier to suspend fat and facilities its digestion by lipase
what does saliva digest?
starch digesting enzymes - AMYLASE
what is the starch digesting enzyme in saliva?
amylase
what does gastric juice work to digest?
enzymes work to digest proteins - proteases
what enzyme digests proteins?
proteases in gastric juice from gastric glands
function of goblet cells in stomach?
secrete mucus to protect walls of the stomach from high acidity levels
- HCl
where is bile produced and how does it end up where it does?
- produced in liver
- stored in gallbladder
- released into small intestine
..HOW?
via hormonal signals