Quiz 5

Question 1

Ulnar nerve palsy - what is the MC site of ulnar n. entrapment?

Answer 1

MC: elbow, followed by wrist

Question 2

Meralgia paresthetica

Answer 2

sensory symptoms in the distribution of LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE of the thigh.

Question 3

MC condition in which peripheral neuropathy is seen?

Answer 3

MC noted in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Question 4

3 proposed mechanisms for Diabetic neuropathies:

Answer 4

1. ischemia & hypoxia
2. increased sorbitol and decreased inositol
3. Microvascular Disease

Question 5

MC cause of acute generalized paralysis in the US

Answer 5

Guilliain-Barre

Question 6

What type of neuropathy has a predilection for the upper limbs, and is also associated with abdominal pain, constipation, and anemia.

Answer 6

Metal Exposure related neuropathy

Question 7

bilateral facial neuropathy is more common in patients with what disease?

Answer 7

Lyme disease

Question 8

What is the name of the lesion that precedes opthalmic Varicella-zoster?
Why is it necessary to treat immediately?

Answer 8

Hutchinson sign

The nasociliary branch of trigeminal nerve innervates cornea and tip nose –> sequelae of herpes zoster ophthalmicus can be devastating and include chronic ocular inflammation, visual loss, and debilitating pain.

Question 9

What protein is involved in neurofibromatosis type 2?

Answer 9

mutation of protein merlin (aka neurofibromin type 2)

Question 10

What do we call the failure of normal closure of the vertebral column and/ or overlying skin over the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord?

Answer 10

Spina bifida

Question 11

What refers to herniation of the meninges but not the cord.

Answer 11

Meningocele

Question 12

MAFP levels that are below normal are associated with what conditions?

Answer 12

Down’s syndrome and Trisomy 18 (and others)

Question 13

What is the most common finding on autopsy of infants with cerebral palsy?

Answer 13

Periventricular leukomalacia PVL - necrosis around the ventricles

Question 14

What percentage of cerebral palsy is caused 1) during pregnancy, 2) during birth, and 3) after birth?

Answer 14

during pregnancy 75%
during birth 10%
after birth 15%

Question 15

Organisms associated wih Bacterial Meningitis in:

1) Neonates
2) Older adults (>65 y.o.):

Answer 15

Neonates- E coli
Older Adults: Strep. pneumonia
Otherwise children, adolescents and adults: Neisseria Meningococci

Question 16

Compare CSF findings for bacterial vs viral meningitis

Answer 16

BACTERIAL: Normal, cloudy or purulent, elevated pressure, WBCS 10 - 10,000/uL with Neutrophils, low glucose (4.5 mg/dL), elevated protein
VIRAL: Clear, elevated pressure, WBCs 10 - 1000 with lymphocytes, high glucose (60% of serum value), elevated protein; *PCR is best test for viral ID

Question 17

Which type of memningitis is best identified with india ink:

Answer 17

Cryptococcal meningitis: circular yeast bodies (soil fungus)

Question 18

Encephalitis due to HSV infection characteristically involved which lobes?

Answer 18

temporal lobes

Question 19

What is the most common cause of viral meningitis in children?

Answer 19

Enteroviruses (Coxscakie, echo, polio)