3A Transition Metals

Question 1

Hybridization of atomic orbitals based on

Answer 1

Orbital theory

Question 2

Hybridization of atomic orbitals in relation to VBT

Answer 2

Expansion of valence bond theory

Question 3

LCAO

Answer 3

Linear combination of atomic orbitals

Question 4

What AOs can be hybridized

Answer 4

Only atomic orbitals on the same atom

Question 5

x AOs =

Answer 5

x hybrid AOs

Question 6

An electrostatic model that predicts that the d orbitals in a metal complex are not degenerate

Answer 6

Crystal field theory

Question 7

The pattern of splitting of the d orbitals depends on

Answer 7

The crystal field

Question 8

Crystal field determined by

Answer 8

Arrangement and type of ligands

Question 9

Δoct for high spin

Answer 9

< P

Question 10

Δoct for low spin

Answer 10

> P

Question 11

Square planar is ___ favorable

Answer 11

Electronically for d8 configurations

Question 12

Tetrahedral is ____ favorable

Answer 12

Sterically

Question 13

Attraction between positive metal ion and negative ligand

Answer 13

Electrostatic model

Question 14

Electrostatic has repulsion between…

Answer 14

Metal d electrons and negative ligand charge

Question 15

Why is there repulsion in electrostatic

Answer 15

Ligand field changes d orbital energies making them no longer degenerate and inducing splitting

Question 16

Needed to understand geometry

Answer 16

VB theory

Question 17

Needed to explain covalency

Answer 17

MO Theory

Question 18

Geometrical distortion of compounds caused by unequal occupation of degenerate orbitals

Answer 18

Jahn Teller effect

Question 19

JT says that decreasing molecular symmetry ___ energy of occupied orbitals and ___ energy of unoccupied

Answer 19

Lowers, increases

Question 20

What type of symmetry stabilizes compounds

Answer 20

Lower symmetry

Question 21

CFT OR LFT: Based on VB theory and ionic thinking

Answer 21

CFT

Question 22

CFT OR LFT: Says ligands are negative electrostatic point charges

Answer 22

CFT

Question 23

CFT OR LFT: Repulsion between d electrons and ligands

Answer 23

CFt

Question 24

CFT OR LFT: Only considers d orbitals

Answer 24

CFt

Question 25

CTT OR LFT: Applies MO theory (Bond: AO to MO)

Answer 25

LFT

Question 26

CFT OR LFT: Ligand orbitals are combined with metal orbitals

Answer 26

LFt

Question 27

CFT OR LFT: Electron sharing

Answer 27

LFT

Question 28

CFT OR LFT: Considers metal s, p, and d orbitals

Answer 28

LFT

Question 29

Which is more precise and complex: CFT or LFT

Answer 29

LFT

Question 30

SALC of AO to MO

Answer 30

Symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals to molecular orbitals

Question 31

Order of increasing Δo

Answer 31

π donor, weak π donor, no π effects, π acceptor

Question 32

Ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom in a coordination complex

Answer 32

Ligand

Question 33

Ligand binding typically occurs through

Answer 33

Electron donor atoms with lone pairs

Question 34

In some cases ligands bind to central atoms through

Answer 34

Electron acceptor atoms with empty valence orbitsls

Question 35

Organometallic compounds include

Answer 35

C metal bond

Question 36

Method A of counting electrons in a complex: ionic or donor pair method

Answer 36

X is an ionic, donates 2e. L is neutral, donates 2e. Z accepts 2e

Question 37

Method B of counting electrons: Covalent or neutral ligand method

Answer 37

X is neutral, donates 1E. L is neutral, donates 2e. Z is neutral, accepts 2e

Question 38

Denticity means that

Answer 38

Ligands with multiple donor atoms can form multiple bonds and have multiple possible binding modes

Question 39

Monodentate K1

Answer 39

Binding through one donor stom

Question 40

Bi/didentate K2

Answer 40

Binding through two donor atoms

Question 41

Hapticity means that

Answer 41

Coordination of a ligand to a coordination center via an uninterrupted and contiguous series of atoms

Question 42

Two hapto η2

Answer 42

Binding through two contiguous atoms

Question 43

Bridging

Answer 43

Ligand with multiple donor atoms or donor atom with multiple lone pairs that connects multiple coordination centers

Question 44

μ

Answer 44

Bridging two centers

Question 45

μ3

Answer 45

Bridging three centers

Question 46

Complex with more unpaired electrons

Answer 46

High spin

Question 47

Which complex is more magnetic

Answer 47

High spin

Question 48

Which complex has stronger colors and why

Answer 48

Low spin because of electronic transitions

Question 49

Strong field ligands act as…

Answer 49

Lewis acids, donating electron pairs to both ground and excited states

Question 50

How many VE does octahedral usually have

Answer 50

18

Question 51

How many VE does square planar usually have

Answer 51

16

Question 52

When is Jahn Teller distortion not likely to happen

Answer 52

When the occupation of orbitals is equal to

Question 53

What d electron count favors square planar

Answer 53

d8

Question 54

Why is tetrahedral more likely to be paramagnetic

Answer 54

Generally has weaker splitting because ligands further apart increasing the number of unpaired electrons

Question 55

Is square planar usually high or low spin

Answer 55

Low because stronger splitting and more pairing

Question 56

Square planar diamagnetic or paramagnetic?

Answer 56

Usually diamagnetic because stronger splitting leads to more electron pairing because it is low spin

Question 57

How is helium generated in the earths crust

Answer 57

Radioactive decay of heavy metals producing alpha particles

Question 58

Only known molecular compound of krypton that can be isolated

Answer 58

KrF2

Question 59

When is something likely to be redox active

Answer 59

When there are multiple oxidation states available

Question 60

A ligand that is charged is probably an

Answer 60

X type

Question 61

A ligand that is neutral is probably an

Answer 61

L type

Question 62

oxidation of hard metals

Answer 62

high oxidation, probably 1st row transition

Question 63

soft metals have ___ oxidation

Answer 63

low oxidation, probably 2nd and 3rd row transitions

Question 64

a transition metal in a complex has all of its valence electrons in

Answer 64

d orbitals