3rd Form

Question 1

What is filtration?

Answer 1

Filtration is using filter paper to separate a solid from a liquid. The substance left in the paper is called the residue, and the liquid that comes through is called the filtrate

Question 2

What is crystallisation?

Answer 2

Crystallisation is used to separate a solute from a solution. It can be sped up by adding a thermal source underneath (eg a bunsen burner)

Question 3

What is distillation?

Answer 3

Distillation is used to separate the components of a solution. We can use distillation to collect the water we would lose during crytillisation with a condenser

Question 4

What is the test for water?

Answer 4

Anhydrous copper(II) sulphate: turns from white to blue

Question 5

Properties of metals:

Answer 5

High mp/bp
Malleable
Electrical conductors

Question 6

Diatomic elements

Answer 6

Question 7

How do you illustrate diffusion of gases?

Answer 7

Ammonium chloride tube: Ammonium on one side, hydrogen chloride on another, when they bond they form a white ring of gas

Question 8

Define an isotope

Answer 8

isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

What is oxidisation

Answer 9

The loss of electrons

Question 10

What is reduction

Answer 10

The gain of electrons

Question 11

What is the structure of an ionic compound?

Answer 11

Giant ionic lattice

Question 12

Define ionic bonding

Answer 12

ionic bondingis the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 13

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Answer 13

Ionic bonds are very strong (1 mark)
In a giant ionic lattice there a lots of ionic bonds ( 1 mark)
So lots of energy is needed to break those bonds ( 1 mark)

Question 14

Why can ionic solids not conduct electricity

Answer 14

1. Electrical conductivity requires particles that can move freely
2. In an ionic solid there are no free particles, so the ions can’t move freely
   (vice versa for liquid)

Question 15

Methyl Orange indicator colours

Answer 15

Acid: Red
Neutral: Yellow
Alkaline: Yellow

Question 16

Phenolphthalien indicator colours

Answer 16

Acid: Colourless
Neutral: Colourless
Alkaline: Pink

Question 17

Red litmus indicator colour

Answer 17

Acid: Red
Neutral: Red
Alkaline: Blue

Question 18

Blue litmus indicator colours

Answer 18

Acid: Red
Neutral: Blue
Alkaline: Blue

Question 19

Universal indicator colour:

Answer 19

Acid: Red/ Orange/Yellow depending on strengh
Neutral: Green
Alkaline: Light Blue/ Dark Blue/ Purple depending on strengh

Question 20

Name the 4 main gases in the atmosphere and their approximate percentage in the air

Answer 20

Nitrogen: 78
Oxygen: 21
Argon: 0.96
Carbon dioxide: 0.04

Question 21

Test for oxygen

Answer 21

Glowing splint relights

Question 22

What ph solutions do metal oxides form? What ph solutiona do non-metal oxides form?

Answer 22

Metal oxides form alkaline solutions
Non-metal dioxides form acidic solutions

Question 23

Define an acid, base, and alkali

Answer 23

Acid: H+ donor
Base: H+ acceptor
Alkali: OH- donor

Question 24

Acid+Base to ?+?

Answer 24

Acid+Base to Salt and Water
Reactions: Base disappears

Question 25

Acid+Carbonate to ?+?+?

Answer 25

Acid + Carbonate→Salt + Water+ Carbon dioxide Reactions: Carbonate disappears Effervesence

Question 26

Test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 26

Bubble through limewater- if co2 is present, the limewater turns cloudy

Question 27

What are the two main components of a metallic structure

Answer 27

1.A lattice of positive metal ions. 2.A sea of delocalizedelectrons.

Question 28

Define metallic bonding:

Answer 28

Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between the positive metalions and the negative delocalized electrons.

Question 29

Why do metals have high melting points?

Answer 29

Because the metallic bonding is usually very strong......so lots of energy is needed to break it.

Question 30

Why can metals conduct electricity?

Answer 30

Because the delocalized electrons are free to move through the lattice.

Question 31

Why are metals malleable

Answer 31

Because the layers of metal ions can slide over each other.

Question 32

Metal Carbonate to ?+? (reaction occurs with application of heat energy)

Answer 32

Metal carbonate →Metal oxide + Carbon dioxide Reactions: Colour Change? idk

Question 33

Metal+Water to ?+?

Answer 33

Metal + Water →Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen Effervesence Solid Disappears

Question 34

Metal+Steam to ?+?

Answer 34

Metal + Steam→Metal oxide+ Hydrogen

Question 35

Acid+Metal to ?+?

Answer 35

Acid + Metal →Salt + Hydrogen Metal disappears Fizzing/ effervesence

Question 36

Reactivity series from highest reactivity to lowest:

Answer 36

K Na Li Ca Mg Al C Zn Fe Pb H Cu Ag Au

Question 37

Test for hydrogen

Answer 37

Lit spint- squeaky pop

Question 38

Observations of a displacments reaction

Answer 38

Solid colour change (Or/and) Solution colour change

Question 39

Describe the two ways to extract Ores

Answer 39

1. Electricity Ores are broken apart with electricity and the elements are extracted individually. 2. Carbon Metals/Ores less reactive than carbon are displaced by it. They are then extracted as sole elements.

Question 40

What is reduction and oxidisation in terms of oxygen

Answer 40

Reduction: The loss of oxygen Oxidisation: The gain of oxygen (Reduction and oxidisation have 2 different meanings, in terms of electrons it is the other way around eg reductions gains electrons and oxidisations loses electrons).

Question 41

What is a redox reduction

Answer 41

Redox = reduction and oxidation in the same reaction

Question 42

What is the chemical name for rust

Answer 42

hydrated iron(III)oxide

Question 43

What is the barrier method and how does it work?

Answer 43

Coating iron with a layer of lastic, oil or paint to stop it coming into contact with oxygen and water.

Question 44

What is sacrifical protection and how does it work?

Answer 44

Placing a block of a more reactive metal near the Iron to displace the Iron from the rust as soon as it forms