3rd Grading Health Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
These are set and adopted by countries around the world on the 25th of September in 2015. The main objectives are to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all members of humankind.
A
SDGs or Sustainable Development Goals
2
Q
Existing Global Health Initiatives (SDGs)
A
- No Poverty
- Zero Hunger
- Good Health and Well-Being
- Clean Water and Sanitation
- Sustainable Cities and Communities
- Responsible Consumption and Production
- Life Below Water
- Life on Land
3
Q
How many million people live in extreme poverty?
A
836 million people
4
Q
About one in five persons in developing regions lives on less than $_ or about _ Philippine pesos per day. The overwhelming
A
$1.25 or about 70 Philippine pesos per day
5
Q
The overwhelming majority of people living on less than $1.25 or about 70 Philippine pesos per day belong to two regions:
A
Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
6
Q
These are often found in small, fragile, and conflict-affected countries.
A
High poverty rates
7
Q
This faces the greatest hunger burden, with about 281 million undernourished people.
A
Southeast Asia
8
Q
Southeast Asia faces the greatest hunger burden, with about _ million undernourished people.
A
281 million undernourished people
9
Q
One in four children under age _ in the world has inadequate height for his or her age.
A
five
10
Q
It is recognized to be present when there is hunger and malnutrition in families. Because of this, many Filipinos have limited access to education and basic services like water, electricity, and medical services.
A
Poverty
11
Q
It has been acknowledged that rampant poverty in the Philippines is due to the following:
A
low economic growth, high population growth, a weak agricultural sector, regular presence of natural disasters
12
Q
This SDG’s goal is to “End poverty in all its forms everywhere.”
A
- No Poverty
13
Q
This SDG’s goal is to “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.”
A
- Zero Hunger
14
Q
Globally, one in _ people in the world today (795 million people) is undernourished.
A
nine
15
Q
The vast majority of the world’s hungry people live in developing countries, where _% of the population is undernourished.
A
12.9%
16
Q
In sub-Saharan Africa, projections for the 2014-2016 period indicate a rate of undernourishment of almost _%.
A
23%
17
Q
Poor nutrition causes nearly half (45%) of deaths in children under fiver—_ million children each year.
A
3.1 million children each year
18
Q
How many in every four children in the world suffer from stunted growth?
A
one
19
Q
In developing countries, the proportion of children suffering from stunted growth can rise to one in _.
A
three
20
Q
How many million primary school-aged children across the developing world attend classes with empty stomachs?
A
66 million primary school-aged children
21
Q
66 million primary school-aged children across the developing world attend classes with empty stomachs, with _ million in Africa alone.
A
23 million
22
Q
It was revealed in a survey (Family Income and Expenditure Survey, 2012) that one in every ten Filipino families does not have the capacity to feed themselves. They are considered as “food-poor” or “food-hungry”. This means that they do not eat enough to be able to meet the energy and nutrients needed by their bodies.
A
food-poor or food-hungry
23
Q
In 2015, it reported that the Philippines is faced with a “serious” level of hunger.
A
Global Hunger Index (GHI)
24
Q
This SDG’s goal is to “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages.”
A
- Good Health and Well-Being
25
_ fewer children die each day than in 1990, but more than 6 million children still die before their fifth birthday each year.
17, 000 fewer children
26
17, 000 fewer children die each day than in 1990, but more than _ million children still die before their fifth birthday each year.
6 million children
27
Since 2000, measles vaccines have averted nearly _ million deaths.
15.6 million deaths
28
Maternal mortality has fallen by almost _% since 1990.
50%
29
In Eastern Asia, Northern Africa, and Southern Asia, _ has declined by around two-thirds but _ ratio in developing regions is still 14 times higher than in the developed regions.
maternal mortality
30
In _, _, and _, maternal mortality has declined by around two-thirds but maternal mortality ratio in developing regions is still 14 times higher than in the developed regions.
Eastern Asia, Northern Africa, and Southern Asia
31
In Eastern Asia, Northern Africa, and Southern Asia, maternal mortality has declined by around two-thirds but maternal mortality ratio in developing regions is still _ times higher than in the developed regions.
14 times
32
Many women are now receiving _. In developing regions, _ increased from 65% in 1990 to 83% in 2012.
antenatal care
33
Many women are now receiving antenatal care. In developing regions, antenatal care increased from _ in 1990 to _ in 2012.
65%; 83%
34
Many women are now receiving antenatal care. In developing regions, antenatal care increased from 65% in _ to 83% in _.
1990; 2012
35
Fewer teens are having children in most developing regions but progress has slowed. The large increase in _ in the 1990s was not matched in 2000s.
contraceptive use
36
Fewer teens are having children in most developing regions but progress has slowed. The large increase in contraceptive use in the 1990s was not matched in _.
2000s
37
The need for _ is slowly being met for more women, but demand is increasing at a rapid pace.
family planning
38
At the end of 2014, there were _ million people accessing antiretroviral therapy.
13.6 million people
39
At the end of 2014, there were 13.6 million people accessing _.
antiretroviral therapy
40
New HIV infections in 2013 were estimated at _ million, which was 38% lower than in 2001.
2.1 million
41
New HIV infections in 2013 were estimated at 2.1 million, which was _% lower than in 2001.
38%
42
At the end of 2013, there were an estimated _ million people living with HIV and 240,000 children were newly infected with HIV.
35 million
43
At the end of _, there were an estimated 35 million people living with HIV and 240,000 children were newly infected with HIV.
2013
44
At the end of 2013, there were an estimated 35 million people living with HIV and _ children were newly infected with HIV.
240,000 children
45
New HIV infections among children have declined by _% since 2001.
58%
46
New HIV infections among children have declined by 58% since _.
2001
47
The leading cause of death for women of reproductive age worldwide.
HIV
48
TB-related deaths in people living with HIV have fallen by _% since 2004.
36%
49
TB-related deaths in people living with HIV have fallen by 36% since _.
2004
50
There were _ new HIV infections among adolescents in 2013, two-thirds of which were among adolescent girls.
250,000 new HIV infections
51
There were 250,000 new HIV infections among adolescents in _, two-thirds of which were among adolescent girls.
2013
52
There were 250,000 new HIV infections among adolescents in 2013, _ of which were among adolescent girls.
two-thirds
53
This is now the leading cause of death among adolescents (aged 10-19) in Africa and the second most common cause of death among adolescents globally.
AIDS
54
As of 2013, _ million adolescents were living with HIV.
2.1 million adolescents
55
As of _, 2.1 million adolescents were living with HIV.
2013
56
Over _ million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015, primarily of children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. The global malaria incidence rate has fallen by an estimated 37% and the mortality rates by 58%.
6.2 million
57
Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015, primarily of children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. The _ has fallen by an estimated 37% and the mortality rates by 58%.
global malaria incidence rate
58
Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015, primarily of children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. The global malaria incidence rate has fallen by an estimated _% and the mortality rates by 58%.
37%
59
Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015, primarily of children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. The global malaria incidence rate has fallen by an estimated 37% and the mortality rates by _%.
58%
60
Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment interventions saved an estimated _ million lives. The tuberculosis mortality rate fell by 45% and the prevalence rate by 41% 1990 and 2013.
37 million lives
61
Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment interventions saved an estimated 37 million lives. The _ fell by 45% and the prevalence rate by 41% 1990 and 2013.
tuberculosis mortality rate
62
Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment interventions saved an estimated 37 million lives. The tuberculosis mortality rate fell by _% and the prevalence rate by 41% 1990 and 2013.
45%
63
Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment interventions saved an estimated 37 million lives. The tuberculosis mortality rate fell by 45% and the _ by 41% 1990 and 2013.
prevalence rate
64
Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment interventions saved an estimated 37 million lives. The tuberculosis mortality rate fell by 45% and the prevalence rate by _% 1990 and 2013.
41%
65
Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment interventions saved an estimated 37 million lives. The tuberculosis mortality rate fell by 45% and the prevalence rate by 41% between _ and _.
1990 and 2013
66
This SDG's goal is to "Ensure access to water and sanitation for all."
4. Clean Water and Sanitation
67
_ billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources since 1990, but 663 million people are still without.
2.6 billion people
68
2.6 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources since 1990, but _ million people are still without.
663 million people
69
At least _ billion people globally use a source of drinking water that is fecally contaminated.
1.8 billion peoplw
70
Between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of the global population using an improved drinking water source has increased from _% to _%.
76% to 91%
71
But _ affects more than 40% of the global population and is projected to rise. Over 1.7 billion people are currently living in river basins where water use exceeds recharge.
water scarcity
72
But water scarcity affects more than _% of the global population and is projected to rise. Over 1.7 billion people are currently living in river basins where water use exceeds recharge.
40%
73
But water scarcity affects more than 40% of the global population and is projected to rise. Over _ billion people are currently living in river basins where water use exceeds recharge.
1.7 billion people
74
_ billion people lack access to basic sanitation services, such as toilets or latrines.
2.4 billion people
75
More than _% of wastewater resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or sea without any pollution removal.
80%
76
Each day, nearly _ children die due to preventable water and sanitation-related diarrheal diseases.
1,000
77
The most important and widely-used renewable source of energy and as of 2011, represented 16% of total electricity production worldwide.
Hydropower
78
Approximately _% of all water abstracted from rivers, lakes, and aquifers is used for irrigation.
70%
79
Floods and other water-related disasters account for _% of all deaths related to natural disasters.
70%
80
This SDG's goal is to "Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable".
Sustainable Cities and Communities
81
This results to inadequate lands for housing, poverty, and pollution.
Congestion
82
Half of humanity, _, lives in cities today.
3.5 billion people
83
By _, almost 60% of the world's population will live in urban areas.
2030
84
By 2030, almost _% of the world's population will live in urban areas.
60%
85
_% of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing world.
95%
86
_ million people live in slums today and the number keeps rising.
828 million people
87
The world's cities occupy just _% of Earth's land, but account for 60-80% of energy consumption and 75% of carbon emissions.
3%
88
The world's cities occupy just 3% of Earth's land, but account for _% of energy consumption and 75% of carbon emissions.
60-80
89
The world's cities occupy just 3% of Earth's land, but account for 60-80% of energy consumption and _% of carbon emissions.
75
90
This is exerting pressure on freshwater supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public health.
Rapid urbanization
91
This SDG's goal is to "Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns".
6. Responsible Consumption and Production
92
Each year, an estimated one-third of all produced---equivalent to _ billion tons worth around _---ends up rotting in the bins of consumers and retailers, or spoiling due to poor transportation and harvesting practices.
1.3 billion; $1 trillion
93
If people worldwide switched to _, the world would save US$120 billion annually.
energy-efficient light bulbs
94
Should the global population reach _ billion by 2050, the equivalent of almost three planets could be required to provide the natural resources needed to sustain current lifestyle.
9.6 billion
95
Less than _% of the world's water is fresh (drinkable), of which 2.5% is frozen in the Antarctica, Arctic, and glaciers. Humanity must therefore rely on 0.5% for all of man's ecosystems and freshwater needs.
3%
96
_ is polluting water faster than nature can recycle and purify water in rivers and lakes.
Man
97
More than _ billion people still do not have access to fresh water.
1 billion
98
This contributes to the global water stress.
Excessive use of water
99
This is free from nature but the infrastructure needed to deliver it is expensive.
Water
100
Despite technological advances that have promoted energy efficiency gains, energy use in OECD countries will continue to grow another _% by 2020.
38%
101
This is the second most rapidly growing area of global energy use after transport.
Commercial and residential energy use
102
In 2002, the motor vehicle stock in OECD countries was _ million vehicles (75% of which were personal cars).
550 million
103
In 2002, the motor vehicle stock in OECD countries was 550 million vehicles (75% of which were personal cars). A _ % increase in vehicle ownership is expected by 2020.
32%
104
At the same time, _ are projected to increase by 40%.
motor vehicle kilometers
105
At the same time, motor vehicle kilometers are projected to increase by 40% and _ is projected to triple in the same period.
global air travel
106
These consume 29% of global energy and consequently contribute to 21% of resultant CO2 emissions.
Households
107
Households consume _% of global energy and consequently contribute to 21% of resultant CO2 emissions.
29%
108
Households consume 29% of global energy and consequently contribute to _% of resultant CO2 emissions.
21%
109
One-fifth of the world's final energy consumption in 2013 was from _.
renewables
110
While substantial environmental impacts from food occur in the production phase (agriculture, food processing), households influence these impacts through their _ and _. This consequently affects the environment through food-related energy consumption and waste generation.
dietary choices and habits
111
_ billion tons of food is wasted every year while almost 1 billion people go undernourished and another 1 billion hungry.
1.3 billion
112
This is detrimental to our health and the environment.
Overconsumption of food
113
How many people globally are overweight or obese?
2 billi/on
114
These lessen the ability of the natural resource base to supply food.
Land degradation, declining soil fertility, unsustainable water use, overfishing, marine environment degradation
115
This accounts for around 30% of the world's total energy consumption.
food sector
116
The food sector accounts for around _% of the world's total energy consumption.
30
117
The food sector accounts for around _% of the total greenhouse gas emissions.
22%
118
This SDG's goal is to "Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources."
7. Life Below
119
These cover three quarters of Earth's surface, contain 97% of Earth's water and represent 99% of the living space on the planet by volume.
Oceans
120
Over how many billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods?
Over three billion people
121
Globally, the market value of marine and coastal resources and industries is estimated at _ million per year or about or about _%? of global GDP.
53 million; 5%
122
Oceans contain nearly _ identified species, but actual numbers may lie in the millions.
200,000 identified species
123
Oceans absorb about _% of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of global warming.
30%
124
Oceans serve as the world's largest source of _, with more than 3 billion people depending on the oceans as their primary source of _.
protein
125
Marine fisheries directly or indirectly employ over how many people?/
200 million
126
_ are contributing to the rapid depletion of many fish species and are preventing efforts to save and restore global fisheries and related jobs, causing ocean fisheries to generate 50 billion US dollars less per year than they could.
Subsidies for fishing
127
As much as _% of the world oceans are heavily affected by human activities, including pollution, depleted fisheries, and loss of coastal habitats.
40%
128
This SDG's goal is to "Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss.
8. Life on Land
129
These provide not just the materials we need in making houses but also some of the staple food that our body needs.
Forests
130
Around 1.6 billion people depend on _ for their livelihood. This includes some 70 million indigenous people.
forests
131
Forests are home to more than _% of all terrestrial species of animals, plants, and insects.
80%
132
2.6 billion people depend directly on _, but 52% of the land used for _ is moderately or severely affected by soil degradation.
agriculture
133
How many depend directly on agriculture?
2.6 billion people
134
How many percentage of the land used for agriculture is moderately or severely affected by soil degradation?
52%
135
As of 2008, this affected 1.5 billion people already.
land degradation
136
As of _, land degradation affected 1.5 billion people already.
2008
137
As of 2008, land degradation affected _ people already.
1.5 billion people
138
This is estimated at 30 to 35 times the historical rate.
Arable land loss
139
Due to drought and desertification each year, _ hectares are lost (23 hectares per minute), where 20 million tons of gran could have been brown.
12 million hectares
140
Due to drought and desertification each year, 12 million hectares are lost (_ hectares per minute), where 20 million tons of grain could have been brown.
23 hectares per minute
141
Due to drought and desertification each year, 12 million hectares are lost (23 hectares per minute), where _ tons of grain could have been brown.
20 million tons of grain
142
How many percentage of the poor are directly affected by land degradation globally?
74%
143
Of the _ animal breeds known, 8% are extinct and 22% are at risk of extinction.
8,300 animal breeds
144
Of the 8,300 animal breeds known, _% are extinct and 22% are at risk of extinction.
8%
145
Of the 8,300 animal breeds known, 8% are extinct and _% are at risk of extinction.
22%
146
Of over _ tree species, less than 1% have been studied for potential use.
over 80,000 tree species
147
Of over 80,000 tree species, less than _% have been studied for potential use.
1%
148
This provide 20% of animal protein to about 3 billion people.
Fish
149
Fish provide _% of animal protein to about 3 billion people.
20%
150
Fish provide 20% of animal protein to about _ billion people.
3 billion people
151
Only _ species provide about 30% of marine capture fisheries and 10 species provide about 50% of aquaculture production.
10 species
152
Only 10 species provide about _% of marine capture fisheries and 10 species provide about 50% of aquaculture production.
30%
153
Only 10 species provide about 30% of marine capture fisheries and _ species provide about 50% of aquaculture production.
10 species
154
Only 10 species provide about 30% of marine capture fisheries and 10 species provide about _% of aquaculture production.
50%
155
Over _% of the human diet is provided by plants.
80%
156
Over 80% of the human diet is provided by plants. Only three cereal crop provide 60% of energy intake. What are these three cereal crops?
rice, maize, wheat
157
How much percentage of energy does the three cereal crop---rice, maize, wheat---provide?
60%
158
As many as _% of people living in rural areas in developing countries rely on traditional plant-based medicines for basic to provide their basic healthcare.
80%
159
As many as 80% of people living in rural areas in developing countries rely on _ for basic to provide their basic healthcare.
traditional plant-based medicines
160
These are key to ecosystem services, but their contributions are still poorly known and rarely acknowledged.
Microorganisms and invertebrates
