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NeuroAnatomy > 3rd Neuroanatomy Lecture Exam - Brainstem (Batch 2024) > Flashcards

3rd Neuroanatomy Lecture Exam - Brainstem (Batch 2024) Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the pointed structure

  • Calcarine fissure
  • Interhemispheric fissure
  • Rolandic fissure
  • Sylvian fissure
A

Calcarine fissure

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2
Q

This structure is a cell station to all main sensory systems except the Olfactory System. This is the –

  • Somisthetic cortex
  • Thalamus
  • Subthalamus
  • Pulvinar
A

Thalamus

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3
Q

This type of cell in the cerebellar cortex takes part in the formation of glomerulus:
* Basket cell
* Stellate cell
* Purkinje cell
* Golgi type cell

A

Golgi type cell

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4
Q

This origin of this afferent cerebellar fiber arise from nerve cells of many areas of the cerebral cortex, particularly the sensorimotor areas.
* Corticopontocerebellar tract
* Cuneocerebellar tract
* Cerebro-olivocerebellar tract
* Cerebroreticulocerebellar tract

A

Cerebroreticulocerebellar tract

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5
Q

Lesions that interrupt the visual pathway at the Chiasma Opticum, such as pituitary gland tumors compressing the chiasma can result in visual defects known as:
* Homonymous hemianopsia
* Bitemporal hemianopsia
* Quadrantanopsia
* Tubular vision

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Bilateral Hemianopsia
It is manifested in patients with Pituitary Gland enlargement (Compression of OPTIC CHIASM); Blindness on both sides, only the middle part
Bilateral-> both sides
Hemi->half
-anopsia->blindness

Lesions behind the optic chiasm cause a field defect in the temporal field of one eye, together with a field defect in the nasal (medial) field of the other eye. The result is a homonymous hemianopsia in which the visual field defect is on the side opposite the lesion

Because Meyer’s loop carries optic radiation fibers representing the upper part of the contralateral field, temporal lobe lesions can produce a visual field deficit involving the contralateral superior (“pie in the sky”) quadrant. This visual field defect is called a superior quadrantanopsia.

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6
Q

This structure connects the cerebellum to the medulla:
* Brachium conjuctivum
* Brachium pontis
* Restiform body
* Cerebral peduncle

A

Restiform body

Superior cerebellar peduncle/ Brachium conjunctivum: cerebellum to midbrain
Middle cerebellar peduncle/ Brachium pontis: cerebellum to pons
Inferior cerebellar peduncle/ Restiform body: cerebellum to medulla

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7
Q

Loss of recent memory is associated with destruction of this part of the limbic system:
* Reticular formation
* Hippocampus
* Amygdala
* Dentate nucleus

A

Hippocampus

Thalamic Nucleus : ANTERIOR (SHORT/ RECENT MEMORY)
Input/Afferent Neuronal loop :
Mammilothalamic tract, cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus, hippocampus
Output/ Effent Neuronal loop:
Cingulate gyrus, Hypothalamus
Function: Emotional tone, mechanisms of recent memory (Part - of the Papez Circuit of Emotion (limbic system) )

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8
Q

Which type of hydrocephalus is secondary to a blockage within the ventricular system?
* Non communicating hydrocephalus
* Communicating hydrocephalus
* Non obstructive hydrocephalus
* None from the choices

A

Non communicating hydrocephalus

HYDROCEPHALUS
* Abnormal increase in the volume of CSF
* accompanied by increased CSF pressure

TYPES:
NON-COMMUNICATING
due to blockage at some point between its formation at the choroid plexus and its exit through the foramina in the roof of 4th ventricle; Associated with congenital malformations ex. Aqueductal stenosis; tumors

COMMUNICATING
No obstruction within or to outflow from the ventricular system; the CSF freely reaches the subarachnoid space and is found to be under increased pressure; Associated with hemorrhages or infections

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9
Q

The Purkinje cells are _________ to intracerebellar nuclei:

Inhibitory
Excitatory

A

Inhibitory

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10
Q

Identify the pointed structure

Epidural hemorrhage
Subdural hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

A

Epidural hemorrhage

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11
Q

This gland has no nerve cells, but adrenergic sympathetic fibers derived from the superior cervical ganglion enter the gland and run in association with its blood vessels. This is the -
Habenula
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland

A

Pineal gland

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12
Q

This collection of gray masses, the corpus striatum, amygdala and claustrum, which is important for skilled motor activity is also known as
Basal ganglia
Globus pallidus
Putamen Subthalamus
Subthalamus

A

Basal ganglia

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13
Q

Which of the following structures form the roof of the lateral ventricles?
Septum pellucidum
Fornix
Thalamus
Corpus callosum

A

Corpus callosum

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14
Q

This layer is composed of pyramidal cells whose cell body size increases from the superficial to the deeper border of the layer. The apical dendrites pass into the molecular layer and the axons enter the white matter as projection and association or commissural fibers. This is the -
* External granular layer
* External pyramidal layer
* Internal granular layer
* Molecular layer

A

External pyramidal layer

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15
Q

In the Globose-Emboliform-Rubral Pathway, the axons in the globose and emboliform nuclei decussate in the –
* Caudate medulla
* Superior cerebellar peduncle
* Middle cerebellar peduncle
* Inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

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16
Q

This structure controls and integrates the functions of the Autonomic Nervous System, the Endocrine System, plays a role in maintaining homeostasis, regulation of osmolarity, body temperature and
reproductive cycles, behaviour and emotions. This is the -
* Hypothalamus
* Limbic System
* Amygdala
* Pineal Gland

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

The following statements are true about papilledema, except
* It is secondary to a sudden rise in in intracranial pressure
* It is due to the compression of the retinal vein
* It may be caused by an intracranial tumor
* It may lead to optic atrophy and blindness

A

It is secondary to a sudden rise in in intracranial pressure

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18
Q

In the Dentatholamic pathway, fibers end by synapsing with cells in the –

  • ipsilateral ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus
  • contralateral ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus
  • ipsilateral ventromedial nucleus of thalamus
  • contralateral ventromedial nucleus of thalamus
A

contralateral ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus

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19
Q

This area is located in the inferior frontal gyrus between the anterior and descending rami and the ascending and posterior rami of the lateral fissure. In majority of people this area is important on the left
side because of its cerebral dominance and lesions in this area will result in a severe loss of speech. This is the
* Wernicke’s area of sensory language
* Broca’s area
* Primary Somesthetic area
* Forel’s fields

A

Broca’s area

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20
Q

The following are correct regarding climbing fibers, EXCEPT:
* A single Purkinje neuron makes synaptic contact with only one climbing fiber
* They pass through the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex
* They are excitatory to the Purkinje cells
* They are the terminal fibers of all cerebellar afferent tracts

A

They are the terminal fibers of all cerebellar afferent tracts

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21
Q

True of cerebrospinal fluid:
* Clear viscous fluid
* Contains 0-10cells, mostly neutrophilic
* Glucose content is 60% of plasma glucose
* Protein content is 60mg/dL

A

Glucose content is 60% of plasma glucose

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22
Q

The most medial intracerebellar nuclei:
* dentate nucleus
* globose nucleus
* fastigial nucleus
* emboliform nucleus

A

fastigial nucleus

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23
Q

This area is localized in the left (dominant) hemisphere sometimes called “eloquent brain” mainly in the superior temporal gyrus with extensions around the posterior end of the lateral sulcus into the parietal region. This is the –
* Broca’s area
* Primary auditory area
* Sensory speech area of Wernicke
* Supplementary motor area

A

Sensory speech area of Wernicke

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24
Q

This layer of the cerebellar cortex contains the basket cells and stellate cells:
* Molecular layer
* Purkinje layer
* Golgi cell layer
* Granule cell layer

A

Molecular layer

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25
Q

Brodmann’s area 17 is situated in the walls of the posterior part of the calcarine sulcus and occasionally extends around the occipital pole onto the lateral surface of the hemisphere. This area is the -
* Primary visual area
* Primary speech area
* Secondary speech area
* Auditory area

A

Primary visual area

  • Primary visual area - BA 17 - V1
  • Primary speech area/ Motor speech area - BA 44 & 45 (Broca’s area)
  • Secondary speech area/ Sensory or Receptive Speech area - BA 22 (Wernicke’s Area)
  • Auditory area - BA 41 & 42
26
Q

Identify pointed structure
* Calcarine fissure
* Interhemispheric fissure
* Rolandic fissure
* Sylvian fissure

A

Sylvian fissure

27
Q

These deeply placed continuous network of nerve cells and fibers that extend from the spinal cord through the medulla, pons, midbrain, subthalamus, hypothalamus contain highly organized groups of transmitter specific cells necessary for conscious behaviour and activities. This is called the -
* Limbic System
* the ARAS
* the ANS
* the EPMS

A

the ARAS

28
Q

This structure covers the superior surface of the diencephalon, it is a thick bundle of fibers originating in the hippocampus, arches superiorly over the thalamus to join the mammillary body. This is the –
* Caudate nucleus
* Fornix
* Corpus callosum
* Internal capsule

A

Fornix

29
Q

What is the arterial supply of the infarcted lobe?
* Anterior cerebral artery
* Middle cerebral artery
* Posterior cerebral artery
* Basilar artery

A

Middle cerebral artery

30
Q

This structure consists of the Third Ventricle and its boundaries and extends posteriorly to the opening of the Aqueduct of Sylvius, this is the:
* Telencephalon
* Mesencephalon
* Diencephalon
* Myelencephalon

A

Diencephalon

31
Q

This system by way of the Hypothalamus and its connections with the outflow tract of the ANS and its control of the endocrine system influence reactions of fear, rage, emotions and reproductive behavior of animals. This is the -
* Limbic System
* Hippocampus
* Amygdala
* Pineal body

A

Limbic System

32
Q

Localize the intraparenchymal hemorrhage:
* Lentiform nucleus
* Caudate nucleus
* Thalamus
* Fronto-parietal lobes

A

Lentiform nucleus

33
Q

The fibers of the fastigial nucleus leave through this structure:
* superior cerebellar peduncle
* middle cerebellar peduncle
* inferior cerebellar peducle
* cerebral peduncle

A

inferior cerebellar peducle

34
Q

This is due to ataxia of muscles of the larynx :
* Dysmetria
* Dysdiadochokinesia
* Dysarthria
* Dyssynergia

A

Dysarthria

35
Q

This structure bounds the lateral surface of the diencephalon and is made of fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with other parts of the brainstem and the spinal cord. This is the -
* Thalamus
* Internal capsule
* Corpus striatum
* Claustrum

A

Internal capsule

36
Q

In the posterior parietal cortex, visual information from the posterior occipital cortex and the sensory input of touch and pressure and proprioception from the anterior parietal cortex are integrated into concepts of size, form, texture. This ability or function is called -
* Stereognosis
* Topognosis
* 2-point discrimination
* Diadochokinesis

A

Stereognosis

37
Q

Choroid plexus may be found in the following structures, except:
* Lateral ventricles
* Third ventricle
* Fourth ventricle
* Cerebral aqueduct

A

Cerebral aqueduct

38
Q

The sulci of the brain separate the folds of brain, the most important of these lies anterior to the gyrus containing motor cells that initiate movements in the opposite side of the body. This is the –
* Interparietal sulcus
* Precentral sulcus
* Central sulcus
* Postcentral sulcus

A

Central sulcus

39
Q

Because this commissure interconnects two hemispheres and functions to transfer information from one side to the other, lesions here cause loss of left to right discrimination, loss of memory, deficits in interpreting sensory experience. This is the
* Anterior commissure
* Posterior commissure
* Corpus callosum
* Fornix

A

Corpus callosum

40
Q

Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the function of the Cerebellum?
* The cerebellum stimulates the contraction of the antagonistic muscles.
* The cerebellum directly influences the skeletal muscle without the assistance of the cerebral cortex
* The cerebellum influences the actions of the muscles.
* All are correct

A

The cerebellum influences the actions of the
muscles.

41
Q

This functional area of the cerebellar cortex is/are concerned with planning of sequential movements of entire body
* Intermediate zone of cerebellar hemisphere
* Lateral zone of each cerebellar hemisphere
* Cortex of vermis
* All are correct

A

Lateral zone of each cerebellar hemisphere

42
Q

True of Cerebellum, except:
* It is covered superiorly by the tentorium cerebelli
* It contributes to the floor of the fourth ventricle
* It is the largest part of the hindbrain
* The gray matter of the cortex throughout its extent has a uniform structure

A

It contributes to the floor of the fourth ventricle

43
Q

Destructive lesions in the Wernicke’s speech area results in a loss of the ability to understand spoken and written language. This disability is called -
* Receptive aphasia
* Global aphasia
* Agraphia
* Dyslexia

A

Receptive aphasia

44
Q

Which cerebellar efferent pathway exerts a facilitatory influence on the ipsilateral extensor muscle tone?
* Globose-emboliform-rubral pathway
* Dentatothalamic pathway
* Fastigial vestibular pathway
* Fastigial reticular pathway

A

Fastigial vestibular pathway

45
Q

What is the arterial supply of the infarcted lobe?
* Anterior cerebral artery
* Middle cerebral artery
* Posterior cerebral artery
* Basilar artery

A

Posterior cerebral artery

46
Q

Localize the intraparenchymal hemorrhage:
* Cerebral peduncle
* Pons
* Medulla Cerebellar
* vermis

A

Pons

47
Q

All of the afferent fibers from the inner ear terminate as mossy fibers in this part of the cerebellum:
* Anterior lobe
* Posterior lobe
* Flocculonodular lobe
* Vermis

A

Anterior lobe

48
Q

The following areas do not have the blood brain barrier, except:
* Area postrema
* Tuber cinereum
* Pineal gland
* Anterior lobe of pituitary
* None from the choices

A

Tuber cinereum

49
Q

These are the terminal fibers of the olivocerebellar tracts:
* Transverse fibers
* Intrinsic fibers
* Mossy fibers
* Climbing fibers

A

Climbing fibers

50
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricular svstem?
* Lateral ventricle to aqueduct of sylvius to third ventricle to fourth ventricle
* Lateral ventricles to third ventricle to foramen of monro to fourth ventricle
* Lateral ventricles to third ventricle to fourth ventricle to foramen of monro to central canal
* Lateral ventricles to third ventricle to fourth ventricle to foramen of luschka to pontine cistern

A

Lateral ventricles to third ventricle to foramen of monro to fourth ventricle

51
Q

Connects the cerebellum to the midbrain
A. Brachium conjunctivum
B. Brachium pontis
C. Restiform body
D. Cerebral peduncle

A

A. Brachium conjunctivum

52
Q

This functional subdivision controls eye movement and body equilibrium
A. Cerebrocerebellum
B. Pontocerebellum
C. Vestibulocerebellum
D. Spinocerebellum

A

C. Vestibulocerebellum

53
Q

The inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movement
A. Dysdiadochokenesia
B. Dysmeria
C. Ataxia
D. Dyssynergia

A

A. Dysdiadochokenesia

54
Q

Axons of neurons in the dentothalamic pathways travel through the middle cerebellar peduncle and cross to the opposite side of decussate
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

A

B. FALSE

55
Q

All these tracts enter the inferior cerebellar peduncle, except
A. Dorsal spinocerebellar
B. Olivocerebellar
C. Pontocerebellar
D. Cuneocerebellar

A

C. Pontocerebellar

56
Q

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the gross appearance of the cerebellum?
A. The third ventricle is anterior to the cerebellum
B. It is separated from the occipital lobes by the tentorium cerebelli
C. It overlies the ventral surface of the pons and medulla
D. All are correct

A

B. It is separated from the occipital lobes by the tentorium cerebelli

57
Q

These are the terminal fibers of the olivocerebellar tracts
A. Mossy fibers
B. Climbing fibers
C. Mossy and climbing fibers
D. Transverse fibers

A

B. Climbing fibers

58
Q

The axons of the second order neuron of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract terminate uncrossed the cerebellar cortex
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

A

A. TRUE

59
Q

The most lateral deep cerebellar nuclei is A. Globose nucleus
B. Emboliform nucleus
C. Fastigial nucleus
D. Dentate nucleus

A

D. Dentate nucleus

60
Q

In the fastigial vestibular pathway, the axons of neurons in the fastigial nucleus travel though the inferior cerebellar peduncle and end by projecting on the neurons of the
A. Inferior vestibular nucleus
B. Superior vestibular nucleus
C. Lateral vestibular nucleus
D. Medial vestibular nucleus

A

C. Lateral vestibular nucleus

NeuroAnatomy (9 decks)

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