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Phlebotomy > 3rd Test > Flashcards

3rd Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Glass side

A

Use for capillary method

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2
Q

The difference between serum and plasma

A

Plasma has fibrinogen. Serum doesn’t. Plasma is clear and yellow and makes up 55% of blood

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3
Q

45% of blood is formed of what

A

Rbc, wbc,serum,platelets

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4
Q

4 main valves of the heart

A

Atrioventricular valve(tricuspid)
Pulmonic(pulmonary) valve
Mitral valve(bicuspid)
Aortic valve

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5
Q

Arteries
Largest
Smallest

A

Are considered oxygenated.
Largest artery is aorta
Smallest artery is arterioles

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6
Q

Capillaries

A

Are made up of arterial,venous,and interstitial fluid

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7
Q

Three layers of vessels

A

1st tunica Adventia
2nd tunica media
3rd tunica intimia

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8
Q

H shaped veins

A

1st median cubical - located in center of arm
2nd cephalic-most often found in obese pt. On thumb side
3rd basilica next to brachial artery on pinky side

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9
Q

M shaped veins

A

1st median - in the middle of arm
2nd median cephallic - most common found in obese pt. On thumb side
3rd median basilic - near brachial artery near pinky

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10
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

Blood runs within the vessels
APPT - blood test that determines if blood is functioning properly it monitors the medication Heparin (APPT - activated partial thromboplastin test

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11
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Pertains to the blood outside of the vessels. PT (prothrombin test) given to make sure medication is working (Coumadin)

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12
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated intravascular. Blood no longer clots in a timely fashion

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13
Q

BTT

A

(Bleeding time test). Is done to determine how long hemostasis takes. Bleeding time is 2-10min

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14
Q

Capillary/dermal puncture

A

Preferred method for children 2yr and under. If under 1yr use heel. Over a 1yr use finger. Always warm heel of infants prior to increase blood flow up to 7x . Puncture between 1/2 digit or 4/5 digit never puncture deeper than 2.0 mm

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15
Q

Micro tubes

A

Small plastic tubes that is used to collect small amount of blood for capillary puncture

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16
Q

Capillary method

A

Can be used on elderly pt’s for those whose veins may be weak/damaged(chemo pts as well)

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17
Q

Blood cultures

A

Are not recommended using dermal puncture method

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18
Q

Order of draw for capillary puncture

A
  1. CBG(capillary blood gas)
  2. EDTA
  3. Other additives
  4. Serum
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19
Q

Sectioning the skin

A

Skin should be warm,pink,normal in color,no scars,cuts,bruises,rashes,cyanosis, edema or infection

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20
Q

Bilirubin test

A

Deals with liver, causes jaundice, use a special microlight filtered tube or wrap an aluminum foil prior to drawing blood. Same apply for venipuncture (amber color tubes)

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21
Q

Main test for newborn screening test

A
  1. PKU(phenylketonuria) cause mental retardation of high
    2, galactose - make sure body can break down galactose
    3, cystic fibrosis - building up of secretions to form on organs
  2. Hypothyroidism- low thyroid
  3. Sickle cells - cause RBC to have abnormal shape that doesn’t hold correct amount of oxygen
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22
Q

Newborn screening test

A
  1. Done using capillary puncture
  2. Filtered card is used card is applied to drop of blood so that circle can be completely filled let card dry air dry 3 hours before putting In envelope
  3. Done between 1-3 days life if not you have up to 2 weeks of
    Life
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23
Q

FUO

A

Fever of unknown - the main reason Blood cultures are done to determine what type of infection Pt has

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24
Q

Puncturing to far can cause

A

Osteomyelitis - inflammation of the bone

Osteochronditis - inflammation of the bone and cartilage

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25
4 steps of Hemostasis
1. Vasoconstriction 2. Platelets plug formation 3,Fibrin clot 4. Fibrinolysis
26
Vessels
Refer to the arteries, veins and capillaries
27
CLIA 88
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment- it was established to assure that labs receive federal funds across the board regardless to the size, type or location
28
NHA
National Healthcare Association
29
JACHO
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Organization- Requires 3 steps of Pt indentification
30
WBCS MAIN JOB? AMOUNT OF ?
1,To fight infection | 2. We have 5,000 - 10000 per cubic ml
31
ACA
American Certification Agency
32
3 Reason you dont get blood while drawing blood
1, Not going far enough into vein 2. Going through the vein 3. Bevel of needle against the vein wall (bevel up always)
33
Petechiae
Red raised spots on the arm - broken cappilaries cause by tying the tourniquet to tight
34
Fistula (shunt)
A device that is surgically implanted between the artery and vein and is used for dialysis
35
Random UA
Can be done at anytime and no special instruction
36
Midstream/cleaning catch UA
Give pt antiseptic wipe and a cup have them wipe front to back begin urinating the stop place cup under area begin urinating again into cup stop remove cup
37
24 hour UA
2 jugs are giving to Pt instructed to get a cooler urine must be kept cold (urine bad after 1 hr if not refrigerated) Pt begins in the am(next day) 1st urine of the day mark time then discard then place hat hat in toilet the urinated hat and place urine in jugs every time no BM or tissue
38
Double Void Urine
2 cups marked A and B tell pt to drink water urinate in cup A then wait 30 min and then urinate into cup B if both are obtained then send cup B to lab if not send cup A
39
Suprapubic Specimen
a sterile needle with syringe is inserted directly into bladder for UA sample
40
POCT
Point of care test ex glucose
41
19 - 21 g
is the most common gauge needle use(range) 21 is the most common #
42
16 -18 g
most common gauge for blood banks 16g is the largest used in phlobotomy
43
23g /25g
23 g is the most common butterfly | 25 g is the most common used in peds
44
Butterfly/winged needle
infusion needle
45
3 steps of Pt identification
1, introduce your self (name/title) 2. ask pt state name(first and last) DOB 3 compare the info given to requisition sheet/id band
46
What not to do in a hospital about blood draw
if pt doesnt have wrist band(check ankle to) do not draw blood
47
Implied consent
is given when pt extends arm for blood draw
48
informed consent
all the risk involved in procedure has been explained and pt signed consent
49
Signed consent form
gives written permission for procedure to be done
50
10 credits(CEU)
Continuing educational units- credits required to maintain each certification every 2 yrs
51
AMT
American Medical Technologist
52
Steps of a strep test
1. 4 drops of yellow and red in tube 2. swab the throat 3. put in the vial swirl 10x 4. squeeze liquid out 5. then put in test strip in for 1-3 ,min then check
53
Main components of blood
RBC,WBC, platelets, serum, plasma
54
Average amount of blood
5-6 liters men 5-6 liters women 4-6 liters
55
Main job of RBC
carry oxygen and nutrients through the out the body
56
RBC
erythrocytes
57
Heart structure
r/l atrium r/l ventricle septum divides into left/right
58
antecubital space
the crease directly in front of the elbow used for drawing blood all major veins for drawing are here
59
pericardium
is the outer sac that covers the heart and filled w//liquid to protect the heart
60
Platelets plug formation
Platelets adhere to one another to create plug
61
Fibrinolysis
last stage the clot is destroyed
62
DVT
Deep vein thrombosis blood clot that forms in a larger vein in the leg
63
laterogenic anemia
cause by removing to much blood from infants at once all blood taking from infants must be logged
64
1st drop of blood
always wipe the 1st drop of blood it is considered contaminated w/alcohol and skin tissue
65
3 ways Hemolysis can occur
1. not allowing the alcohol to dry 2. shaking tube 3. using a gauge needle that is to small for vein
66
2 reason that you can not get blood prior to drawing blood
1. Manufacturer defect 2. crack in the ets tube 3. expired ets tube
67
6 different types of UA
1. random 2. 1st morning void 3. midstream.clean catch 4.double voided urine 5. suprapubic specium 6 24 hour
68
needle point
allows the needle to smoothly enter the skin
69
bevel
the larger than the number the smaller the gauge(diameter) the opening at the end of the needle bevel is the gauge
70
ph level of blood
7.35 -7.45
71
platelets 1. main job? 2. lives?
Aka thrombocytes 1/\. helps blood clot 2. lives up to 10 days
72
serum
is the unclotted portion of blood after it has set for 30 - 60 min
73
what happens to blood in centifuged
separates into plasma buffy coat(wbc,platelets) rbc
74
Fibrin clot0
more stable clot
75
Lancet
a sterile blade that is used to puncture the skin
76
finger prick
use middle finger or ring finger only use medial point not to close to tip or side do not milk pump only
77
3/40
most common length used in a butterfly needle

Phlebotomy (1 decks)

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