3.skeletal system

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

• central axis

- skull, vertebral column and rib cage

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

• fore and hind limbs and limb girdles

Question 3

splachnic skeleton

Answer 3

• only cat and dog

- os penis

Question 4

functions of skeletal system

Answer 4

support
locomotion
protection
storage 
haemopoeisis

Question 5

ossifcation

Answer 5

process of which bones form

Question 6

2 types of ossification

Answer 6

intramembrane and endochondral

Question 7

osteoblasts

Answer 7

responsible for laying down new bone

Question 8

osteoclasts

Answer 8

cells that destroy or remodel bone

Question 9

endochondrial ossification

Answer 9

• primary centers of ossifcation occur in the disphysis and the cartilage is replced as osteoblasts lay down bone which gradully extends the bone.
• secondary centres of ossification appear in epiphysis contuining development
• osetoclasts start to remove bine from centre to form marrow cavity while the osetoblasts contuine to lay down outer edge.
• between disphysis and epiphysis cartilage persists formsn

Question 10

functions of skull

Answer 10

• house and protect brain
• house special sense organs
• house and provide attachment for parts of digestive system
• provide attachment for hyoid apparatus
• provide bony cavity which air can enter body
• communcation

Question 11

cranium

Answer 11

bony caudal part of skull which provides casing for brain to sit in

Question 12

bones of cranium

Answer 12

parietal
temporal 
frontal 
occipital
sphenoid
sagittal crest 
zygomatic crest 
lacrminal

Question 13

doliocephalic

Answer 13

particularly long and narrow nose

Question 14

metaticephlic

Answer 14

normal shape

Question 15

brachycelphilc

Answer 15

rounded cranium and short pushed in face

Question 16

no. of vertebre

Answer 16

cervical (7)
thoracic (13)
lumbar (7)
sarcal (3)
coccygeal (20-23)

Question 17

functions of vertebrae

Answer 17

• house and protect spinal cord
• shield and protect underlying the softer underlying structure of neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis
• stiffen body and maintain posture

Question 18

joints of vertebrae

Answer 18

• cartilaginous= between body of each vertebrae

- synovial = between the cranial and caudal articular process

Question 19

costal cartilage

Answer 19

ventral cartilaginous part of ribs

Question 20

sternal ribs

Answer 20

first 8 ribs

- attach to sternum

Question 21

asternal ribs

Answer 21

9-12 ribs

- attatch to adjacent rib

Question 22

floating rib

Answer 22

13

-lies free in abdomin

Question 23

intercostal space

Answer 23

space between each rib and is filled by the intercostal muscles

Question 24

parts of the sternum

Answer 24

• 8 bones sternebrae
• most cranial manubrium
• xiphiod process= last sternebrae and is longer and dorsoventrally flattened.
• intersternebral cartilage (cartilage discs) lies between each sternebrae

Question 25

7 carpal bones

Answer 25

carpal 1-4 - asseccory carpal bone - radial and ulna carpal bone

Question 26

parts of illium (pelvis)

Answer 26

- gluteal surface of illum - body of sacrum - greater ischial notch - ischiatic spine

Question 27

parts of ischium (pelvis)

Answer 27

- lesser ischial notch - obturator foremen - ischial tuberosity

Question 28

parts of pubic symphysis (pelvis)

Answer 28

- symphysis pubis | - symphysis ischii

Question 29

types of joints

Answer 29

fibrous joints cartiligious joints synovial joints

Question 30

types of synovial joints

Answer 30

- ball and socket - pivot - hinge - condylar