4

Question 1

it is the scientific study of how humans think, feel, and behave

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

Four goals of psychology

Answer 2

Describe - what the person doing
Explain - why is she/he doing that
Predict - what is he going to do
Modify - how can we change the behavior

Question 3

A swiss clinical psychologist pioneered the THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT - deals with the nature of knowledge itself; and how humans gradually come to acquire and use it

Answer 3

Jean Piaget

Question 4

For _, cognitive development is a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience

Answer 4

Piaget

Question 5

Basic Components of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

Answer 5

Schemas
Adaptation
Stages of Cognitive Development

Question 6

Mental organizations used to understand the environment

Answer 6

Schemas

Question 7

A child’s process in an encountering situational conditions

Answer 7

Adaptation

Question 8

Focused on the growing expertise of child’s thought process

Answer 8

Stages of Cognitive Development

Question 9

It is the process of getting new information that is already active in our schemas. This operation is somewhat subjective for the reason we tend to change information and experiences that could fit in with our pre-existing beliefs

Answer 9

Assimilation

Question 10

It is a procedure known as a part of adaptation that involves altering or changing the existing schemas, as a result of new experiences and information. During this process, a new schema might be developed

Answer 10

Accommodation

Question 11

It is essential to maintain balance between assimilation [previous knowledge] and accommodation [new knowledge]. it helps to explain how the children can move from one state to another

Answer 11

Equilibration

Question 12

Knowledge is through senses
Age: 0-2

Answer 12

Sensorimotor

Question 13

Verbal and egocentric thinking develops. Can do mentally what one could only do physically. Conservation of shape, number, liquid not yet possible
Age: 2-5

Answer 13

Preoperational

Question 14

Conservation of shape, number, liquid are now possible. Logic and reasoning develop, but are limited to
Age: 6-11

Answer 14

Concrete Operational

Question 15

Principles and ideas develop. Systematic problem solving is now possible(no longer just trial and error)
Ability to think about and reflect upon one’s thinking(metacognition)
Age: 12 up

Answer 15

Formal Operational

Question 16

The ability to realize that objects still exist when they are not being sensed

Answer 16

Object permanence

Question 17

Believing that inanimate objects are alive

Answer 17

Animistic thinking

Question 18

Not being capable of seeing things from another person’s perspective

Answer 18

Egocentrism

Question 19

Recognition that when some properties (such as shape) of an object change, other properties (such as volume) remain constant

Answer 19

Conservation

Question 20

Elaborated on the emergence of self-concept and asserted that the wide development changes are observed across: early childhood, later childhood, adolescence, emerging adults

Answer 20

Dr. Susan Harter

Question 21

also known as self-worth which refers to the individual’s overall acceptance of self. involves the degree of self success

Answer 21

Self-esteem

Question 22

Individual perception of self that remains comparatively consistent and steady overtime, context and developmental stages

Answer 22

Self-concept

Question 23

Development of self concept according to Harter

Answer 23

Early childhood, middle to later childhood, adolescence, emerging adults

Question 24

An American psychologist who was one of the founders of a humanistic approach to psychology. He asserted that all behavior is motivated by self actualizing tendencies and these drive you to reach your potential

Answer 24

Carl Rogers

Question 25

Emphasized the active role of the individual in shaping their internal and external words

Answer 25

Humanistic

Question 26

A person is active, creative, experiencing beings who live in the present and has a basic instinct to succeed at his highest capacity

Answer 26

Actualizing Tendency

Question 27

includes such basic needs as foods, air, and safety; but it also includes the tendency to resist change and to seek the status quo

Answer 27

Need for maintenance

Question 28

-people’s willingness to learn things that are not immediately rewarding
-are expressed in a variety of forms, including curiosity, playfulness, self-exploration, friendship, and confidence
-animals and plants have an inherent tendency to grow toward reaching their genetic potential - provided certain conditions are present

Answer 28

Need for enhancement

Question 29

Two subsystem of self

Answer 29

Self concept
Ideal self

Question 30

all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual

Answer 30

Self concept

Question 31

one’s view of self as one wishes to be
a wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept indicates incongruence and an unhealthy personality

Answer 31

Ideal self

Question 32

Conditions to achieve Actualizing Tendency

Answer 32

Congruence
Unconditional positive regard
Empathy

Question 33

Father of psychoanalysis. He is famous for his work on human nature and the unconscious

Answer 33

Sigmund Freud

Question 34

pertains to our current thoughts, what we sense and think at the present

Answer 34

Conscious

Question 35

contains the thoughts that we can bring into our consciousness easily or with needed effort. these thoughts came from: conscious perception, unconscious

Answer 35

Preconscious

Question 36

contains our instinct, wishes and desires that drive our behavior. It is the focus of psychoanalytic theory
repressed experience

Answer 36

Unconscious

Question 37

-a person’s personality develops in early childhood
-first 4-5 years of life; most crucial in personality formation; ‘formative years
-defined by erogenous zone
-conflict must be resolved to move to the next stage

Answer 37

Psychosexual stages

Question 38

psychic energy remains invested on one stage leaving less energy for the next stage

Answer 38

Fixation