UNIT 1-3

Question 1

From the greek words “Philos” meaning ___, and “Sophia” meaning ____

Answer 1

love; wisdom

Question 2

study of the nature and acquisitions of knowledge

Answer 2

Philosophy

Question 3

Father of western philosophy, known for his “Socratic method” and his emphasis on “Self knowledge

Answer 3

Socrates

Question 4

Charged with corruption of minors, he was sentenced to death by drinking a cup of poison hemlock.

Answer 4

Socrates

Question 5

He believed men’s goal in life is to acquire happiness. The key to happiness, is to take care of one’s inner being and become a virtuous man. VIRTUE IS THE SUPREME GOOD THAT WILL SECURE HAPPINESS.

Answer 5

Socrates

Question 6

His philosophy underlies the importance of the notion “knowing oneself”

Answer 6

Socrates

Question 7

was a student of Socrates. He wrote the Socratic Dialogue which contained Socrates’ philosophical arguments.

Answer 7

Plato

Question 8

He is also well known for his book THEORY OF FORMS which asserted that the ultimate reality exists beyond the physical world

Answer 8

Plato

Question 9

He considers the soul has the most divine aspects of being. However rather than a spiritual being, the soul/mind is where man’s Forms (ideas) are known.

Answer 9

Plato

Question 10

Three kinds of souls:

Answer 10

Appetitive soul
Rational soul
Spirited soul

Question 11

The elements that you enjoy are sensual experiences. Desire and need to satisfy

Answer 11

Appetitive soul

Question 12

The element that loves truth and reason; forbids sensual experience

Answer 12

Rational soul

Question 13

The element that understands passion, honor and sense of victory

Answer 13

Spirited soul

Question 14

A saint and a doctor of church. His philosophical approach to Christian thinking is the basis for learning theology. He is well known for his work, the CONFESSION, CITY OF GOD and OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE.

Answer 14

St. Augustine

Question 15

He gave a Christian perspective on Plato’s Theory of Forms which asserted that the Forms exist within God.
The SOUL is capable of knowing the Truth and scientific thinking.

Answer 15

St. Augustine

Question 16

A French philosopher who was famous for being the advocate of Methodical Doubt - a systematic process of being skeptical of one’s belief to ascertain their truthfulness.

Answer 16

Rene Descartes

Question 17

He is also known for the Latin statement “Cogito ergo sum” [I think therefore I am]

Answer 17

Rene Descartes

Question 18

He asserted the “self” is:
-Constant, not prone to change
-The source of our identity

Answer 18

Rene Descartes

Question 19

He views the “self” as including the memories a person has. it means that a person is the same person yesterday as he remembers his thoughts and experiences. In legal justice he argues as a person is the same in the past he can be accountable for behaviors provided they have a memory of it

Answer 19

John Locke

Question 20

Father of classical liberation. He said that a person is born with no knowledge or identity but is capable of learning from experiences which would form said identity. The self as “Tabula Rasa” [blank slate]

Answer 20

John Locke

Question 21

He is a Scottish philosopher, who advocates the idea of Empiricism - the idea that knowledge comes from sense experience, opposing Descartes’ Rationalism

Answer 21

David Hume

Question 22

For him, the self exists because of our conscious perceptions, what we cannot sense does not exist. He divides the mind’s perceptions into two groups; Impressions and Ideas

Answer 22

David Hume

Question 23

Source of our knowledge; where it comes from

Answer 23

Impression

Question 24

Content of our knowledge; what it is

Answer 24

Ideas

Question 25

A German philosopher famous in modern philosophy. He made contributions to metaphysics epistemology and ethics.

Answer 25

Immanuel Kant

Question 26

For him, the self is not the body but is outside of it. Knowledge bridges "self" and the material world. He defined the self as an organizing principle that combines experiences.

Answer 26

Immanuel Kant

Question 27

The mental process which a person makes sense of an idea by assimilating it to the body of ideas he/she already possesses.

Answer 27

Apperception

Question 28

The self perceives the world based on two components

Answer 28

Experiences/ Outer self Apparatus of the mind/ Inner self

Question 29

Father of psychoanalysis - which is based on the notion that a person is driven by unseen forces and controlled by conscious and rational thought. He is also famous for his work on the role of sex and the unconscious.

Answer 29

Sigmund Freud

Question 30

based on past experiences how a person develops a sense of self

Answer 30

Psychoanalysis

Question 31

operates based on reality principle

Answer 31

Ego

Question 32

operates based on pleasure principle

Answer 32

ID

Question 33

operates based on perfection principle

Answer 33

Superego

Question 34

He disagreed with Descartes' view that the mental and physical are separate.

Answer 34

Gilbert Ryle

Question 35

He continues to oppose Descartes for the notion that there is a soul inside the body. All knowledge and imagination do not reside in a metaphor space

Answer 35

Gilbert Ryle

Question 36

The self or our sense of self is a collection of our behaviors and actions

Answer 36

Gilbert Ryle

Question 37

A Canadian philosopher known for his studies in neurophilosophy and the philosophy of the mind

Answer 37

Paul Churchland

Question 38

His philosophy stands in the MATERIALISTIC VIEW or that only the physical world exists. He considers the idea that there is a soul or mind separate from the physical world is false calling it eliminative materialism.

Answer 38

Paul Chruchland

Question 39

As a materialist, he asserted that our sense of self originated from the brain and its function

Answer 39

Paul Chruchland

Question 40

A French phenomenological philosopher, famous for his works on existentialism and phenomenology. He does not believe in a dualistic view of self rather the mind and body are connected.

Answer 40

Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau - Ponty

Question 41

an entity that possesses conscious experiences like feelings, beliefs, and desires.

Answer 41

Embodied subjectivity

Question 42

study of human social relationships and institutions.

Answer 42

Sociology

Question 43

process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society

Answer 43

Socialization

Question 44

extensive use of power and machinery

Answer 44

Industrialism

Question 45

production system involving market competition and supply-demand

Answer 45

Capitalism

Question 46

increase of reach of institutions

Answer 46

Institutions of Surveillance

Question 47

life becomes a vigorous activity and process

Answer 47

Dynamism

Question 48

He expressed that people create social networks by joining social groups

Answer 48

George Simmel

Question 49

two or more people interacting with similar characteristics and sense of identity

Answer 49

Social group

Question 50

ties/connection that link to your group

Answer 50

Social Network

Question 51

naturally occurring in traditional societies, Organic motivation - you join because you are part of it. - Rootedness; less freedom; greater social conformity

Answer 51

organic group

Question 52

He was a founding member of the American Sociological Association in 1905 and became its eighth president in 1918. He pioneered the sociological perspective on self development.

Answer 52

Charles Horton Cooley

Question 53

occur in modern societies, formed out of shared self-interest - Rational motivation

Answer 53

Rational group

Question 54

He believed that the self is not only based on some inner source of identity. He coined the process "The looking-glass self" wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them

Answer 54

Charles Horton Cooley

Question 55

Steps of looking glass self

Answer 55

1. Imagine how you appear to the other person 2. Imagine the judgement of the other person 3. Feel some sense of pride, happiness guilt, of shame

Question 56

The main contribution was his attempt to show how the human self arises in the process of social interaction.

Answer 56

George Herbert Mead

Question 57

Stages of Development

Answer 57

Language Play Game

Question 58

through shared understanding of symbols and gestures the individual has the capacity to express himself while comprehending what others are conveying

Answer 58

Language

Question 59

role-play assumes the perspective of others to develop understanding about others

Answer 59

Play

Question 60

able to take into account societal rules. one must abide to become successful

Answer 60

Game

Question 61

Concept of Self = 2 parts

Answer 61

Me -part of self created through socialization; predictability and conformity come from the "me" I - part of self that is spontaneous, unpredictable, and creative; act in extreme situations of rage to excitement

Question 62

study of people's experiences, past, and present. It is concerned with understanding how humans evolved and how they differ from one another

Answer 62

Anthropology

Question 63

believes that no understanding of human beings is complete without the study of the full range of the human phenonemon

Answer 63

Anthropologist

Question 64

Conceptualized the Implicit and Explicit aspects of the self framed, maintained, and affected biologically, mentally, and socially

Answer 64

Joseph LeDoux

Question 65

the aspect that you are consciously aware of

Answer 65

Explicit

Question 66

aspect that is not immediately available to the consciousness

Answer 66

Implicit

Question 67

People construct a series of self representations that are based on one's cultural concepts and personal memories

Answer 67

Katherine Ewing

Question 68

culturally shaped concepts applied to oneself, or which represents the self

Answer 68

Self-Representation

Question 69

a powerful agent guiding the decisions and actions of humans in the given situation. It regulates, expresses and transforms the human psyche. The basic idea is that human principle cannot be universal but varied all over the world.

Answer 69

Culture

Question 70

characteristics of individualistic culture

Answer 70

Independent construct

Question 71

characteristics of collectivist culture

Answer 71

Interdependent construct

Question 72

Relationships - how you get into and keep a relationship Personality traits - how you value traits Achievements - how you define success Expressing emotions - how you express yourself

Answer 72

Catherine Raeff