#4

Question 1

Scottish-born inventor who worked extensively in medical research and invented techniques for teaching speech to the deaf

Answer 1

Alexander Graham Bell

Question 2

Scottish engineer and inventor that improved the efficiency of the Newcomen steam engine through the use of a separate condenser

Answer 2

James Watt

Question 3

Swedish chemist and inventor who was rich from his shareholdings in gold mines and patents

Answer 3

Alfred Nobel

Question 4

Austrian biologist known for pea plant experiments to discover the basic principles of heredity and genetics (how recessive and dominant traits are passed from one generation to the next)

Answer 4

Gregor Mendel

Question 5

British/Scottish/Irish physicist and engineer made important contributions to the wave theory of light, which helped in the development of electromagnetic theory

Answer 5

William Thomson Kelvin

Question 6

American surgeon who advocated for and implemented principles of aseptic surgery - focusing on cleanliness and sterilization to reduce infection rates and improve surgical outcomes

Answer 6

Daniel Hale Williams

Question 7

American astronomer developed a classification system for galaxies that categorizes galaxies into groups such as ellipticals, spirals, and irregulars.

Answer 7

Edwin Hubble

Question 8

English zoologist that founded an Institute in 1977 to support wildlife research and conservation effort worldwide - raising awareness of habitat destruction and illegal wildlife trade hurting animals

Answer 8

Jane Goodall

Question 9

French naval officer, author, and oceanographer discovered the nocturnal deep sea creature called the nautilus

Answer 9

Jacques Cousteau

Question 10

French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician argued that humanity could be divided into two parts (the mind and the body)

Answer 10

Rene Descartes

Question 11

German climatologist, geologist, and meteorologist was recognized for his understanding of the polar climates

Answer 11

Alfred Wegener

Question 12

Italian-American physicist lead the Manhattan Project that helped develop the atomic bomb

Answer 12

Enrico Fermi

Question 13

German chemist who developed spectrometry (interactions between light and matter)

Answer 13

Robert Bunsen

Question 14

British/Scottish/Irish physicist and engineer helped develop the second law of thermodynamics that heat flows from hotter to coler areas

Answer 14

William Thomson Kelvin

Question 15

American surgeon was elected as the only African-American charter member of the American College of Surgeons in 1913

Answer 15

Daniel Hale Williams

Question 16

Swedish chemist and inventor who invented dynamite and a blasting cap, a detonator making it safer to transport dynamite

Answer 16

Alfred Nobel

Question 17

British chemist who conducted research on viruses through X-rays and captured the famous “Photo 51” of double helix structure of DNA

Answer 17

Rosalind Franklin

Question 18

German astronomer who is credited with the discovery of Uranus

Answer 18

Caroline Herschel

Question 19

American mathematician who worked on several space missions to get astronauts back to earth safely

Answer 19

Katherine Coleman Johnson

Question 20

Scottish-born Canadian-American inventor who experimented with aircraft after Wright Brothers’ flights

Answer 20

Alexander Graham Bell

Question 21

Geman climatologist, geologist, and meteorologist who proposed the idea that the continents were once a single landmass named Pangaea and have drifted apart

Answer 21

Alfred Wegener

Question 21

Italian-American physicist created new radioactive elements by bombarding uranium with neutrons. He discovered that slowing down neutrons increased the rate at which they interacted with nuclei leading to the discovery of new radioactive isotopes

Answer 21

Enrico Fermi

Question 22

German chemist who investigated emission spectra of heated elements and discovered caesium and rubidium

Answer 22

Robert Bunsen

Question 22

American psychologist and inventor developed behavior analysist, especially the philosophy of radical behaviorism and founded the experimental analysis of behavior

Answer 22

B.F. Skinner

Question 23

American scientist who conducted research on on maize (corn) where she developed techniques to visualize chromosomes and their behavior during cell division with DNA

Answer 23

Barbara McClintock

Question 24

Scottish engineer and inventor who developed the parallel motion linkage that enabled the pistons of steam engines to move in a straight line, which improved the engine's efficiency and reliability

Answer 24

James Watt

Question 25

French naval officer, filmaker, author, and oceanographer hosted a television show for ten years and wrote books about his undersea explorations

Answer 25

Jacques Cousteau

Question 26

Swedish chemist and inventor who left his fortune to fund Nobel Peace prizes because he felt guilty for how his inventions were used in wars

Answer 26

Alfred Nobel

Question 27

Scottish born Canadian-American engineer taught at schools for the deaf where he met his wife.

Answer 27

Alexander Graham Bell

Question 28

German astronomer who developed comprehensive star catalogues, star data - improving navigation and understanding of the night sky

Answer 28

Caroline Herschel

Question 29

French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician known as the father of modern philosophy whose famous quote was "I think, therefore I am"

Answer 29

Rene Descartes

Question 30

English anthropologist and zoologist that was the first to document behaviors such as hunting, social bonding, emotional expressions, making and using tools in primates that were previously thought to be only human behaviors

Answer 30

Jane Goodall

Question 31

British/Scottish/Irish physicist and engineer who invented the ampere balance to measure electric current and a water dropper to generate high voltage direct current using water

Answer 31

William Thomson Kelvin

Question 32

American astronomer whose observations led to the calculation of a Constant - the value that describes the rate of universe expansion

Answer 32

Edwin Hubble

Question 33

African-American surgeon founded Provident Hospital in 1891 which was the first non-segregated hospital in the US

Answer 33

Daniel Hale Williams

Question 34

French naval officer, oceanographer co-invented the first open-circuit self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) and "aqualung"

Answer 34

Jacques Cousteau

Question 35

Scottish-born Canadian-American inventor a mine detector, graphophone, and telephone

Answer 35

Alexander Graham Bell

Question 36

Swedish chemist and inventor who experimented with making synthetic rubber, leather, and artificial silk

Answer 36

Alfred Nobel

Question 37

American psychologist and inventor designed an operant conditioning chamber or box that allowed him to study behavior of animals (pigeons or rats) by reinforcing with certain actions or rewards

Answer 37

B.F. Skinner

Question 38

German chemist who developed a laboratory burner that is still used today

Answer 38

Robert Bunsen

Question 39

German astronomer who was the first woman to be awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society and one of the first women to be named honorary members of the Royal Astronomical Society

Answer 39

Caroline Herschel

Question 40

New Zealand physicist and chemist identified the proton as a fundamental particle in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 40

Ernest Rutherford

Question 41

Scottish physician and microbiologist helped to discover antibiotics which reduced deaths from infection - earned Nobel Prize in 1928

Answer 41

Alexander Fleming

Question 41

American physicist and inventor who won Nobel Prize for his discovery of resonance states in particle physics using the hydrogen bubble chamber. Worked with Oppenheimer on the Manhattan Project

Answer 41

Luis Alvarez

Question 41

American geologist that discovered a comet with his wife. This comet collided with Jupiter in 1994, giving insight into hazards of comet impacts for Earth

Answer 41

Gene Shoemaker

Question 42

American polymath, scientist, inventor who was an avid swimmer and created wooden swim fins for his hands to help propel him through the water

Answer 42

Benjamin Franklin

Question 42

American marine biologist and writer credited with advancing marine conservation and warned the public on the use of a chemical insecticide known as DDT

Answer 42

Rachel Carson

Question 43

English polymath, physicist, astronomer who was one of the first scientists to investigate living things at a microscopic scale - named cells after observing cork under a microscope

Answer 43

Robert Hooke

Question 44

Scottish physicist and mathematician who made contributions to understanding color perception and optics, conducted experiments that led to the development of the first durable color photograph

Answer 44

James Clerk Maxwell

Question 45

African-American biologist whose work highlighted the impotance of cytoplasm in cells, researched the surface of cells in organisms

Answer 45

Ernest Everett Just

Question 46

New Zealand physicist and chemist discovered the concept of radioactive half-life (time for half of the radioactive nuclei to decay). He distinguished between alpha and beta particles emitted by radioactive materials

Answer 46

Ernest Rutherford

Question 47

Italian physician and biologist conducted a series of experiments using meat and jars to challenge the theorgy of spontaneous generation, proving that life comes from other living organisms

Answer 47

Francesco Redi

Question 48

English polymath, physicist, astronomer who supported the idea that fossils were the remains of once living organisms, providing evidence for the history of life on Earth

Answer 48

Robert Hooke

Question 49

English palaeontologist was very knowledgeable about fossils, but not allowed to participate or be recognized for her discoveries due to being a woman

Answer 49

Mary Anning

Question 50

Serbian-American inventor and engineer who demonstrated the first remote controlled model boat

Answer 50

Nikola Tesla

Question 51

English polymath, physicist, astronomer who observed the rotation of Jupiter and other planetary motion, one of the first to suggest that gravity could be described with mathematics

Answer 51

Robert Hooke

Question 52

American geologist that founded the US Geological Survey's Astrogeology Research Program which contributed to the mapping of the moon and other celestial bodies. Some of his ashes were carried to the moon after his death.

Answer 52

Gene Shoemaker

Question 53

American scientist and botanist promoted alternative crops to cotton and methods to prevent soil depletion. Developed a mobile classroom to take to farmers in the field

Answer 53

George Washington Carver

Question 54

Scottish physicist and mathematician who made contributions to the kinetic theory of gases which provided a molecular level of gases, led to the establishment of molecular speeds in a gas

Answer 54

James Clerk Maxwell

Question 55

New Zealand physicist and chemist who was the first to split the atom

Answer 55

Ernest Rutherford

Question 56

English polymath, physicist, astronomer formulated the law of elasticity - states that the force neeeded to extend or compress a spring is proportional to that distance - this is a cornerstone to mechanics

Answer 56

Robert Hooke

Question 57

Greek physician and philosopher who wrote over 70 books/writings about diseases and treatments. Known as the Father of Medicine

Answer 57

Hippocrates

Question 58

Austrian-Swedish nuclear physicist known for her role in the discovery of nuclear fission, the process by which an atomic nucleus splits into two or more nuclei, releasing energy - laying the groundwork for nuclear energy and atomic bombs

Answer 58

Lise Meitner

Question 59

American research chemist who created drugs from plants, focusing on cortisone, progesterone, and testosterone from plant sterols - used for arthritis and inflammatory diseases

Answer 59

Percy Julian

Question 60

American scientist, botanist, and inventor created 300 ways to use peanuts in a variety of inventions and products.

Answer 60

George Washington Carver

Question 61

Serbian-American inventor and engineer experimented with radio communications and x-rays. He invented a Coil device capable of producing high-voltage low current high-frequency alternating current

Answer 61

Nikola Tesla

Question 62

Scottish physicist and mathematician who created equations to describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents. Paved the way for theory of electromagnetism

Answer 62

James Clerk Maxwell

Question 63

Greek physician and philosopher that introduced the theory of vapors and the theory of the four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile). He believed an imbalance of these humors caused disease.

Answer 63

Hippocrates

Question 64

American research chemist had innovations with soybeans, developing a fire-fighting foam from soy protein used by the US Navy during WWII.

Answer 64

Percy Julian

Question 64

English polymath, physicist, astronomer who was also an architect that played a major role in the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire in 1666, helped to design many structures

Answer 64

Robert Hooke

Question 65

Serbian-American inventor and engineer who invented the AC induction motor and transformer, a bladeless turbine, and contributed to the development of neon lights

Answer 65

Nikola Tesla

Question 66

Austrian-Swedish nuclear physicist faced gender and political discrimination and was forced to leave Nazi Germany due to her Jewish heritage. She continued her work in Sweden.

Answer 66

Lise Meitner

Question 67

English physicist that studied the nature of heat and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. Formulated a law that states the heat produced is proportional to the square of the current multiplied by the resistance and time

Answer 67

James Prescott Joule