4: Acids and Redox Flashcards
Module 2 (46 cards)
What is meant by the term alkali
A base that dissolves in water realeasing hydroxide ions (OH-) into the (aqueous) solution
What is meant by the term standard solution?
A solution of a known concentration
What is meant by the term base?
A substance which readily accepts positive hydrogen ions (H+) from an acid. It is a proton acceptor.
A compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt
What is meant by the term acid
A species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution. It is a proton donor.
What is an acid-base pair?
A pair of two species that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton.
What is a buffer solution?
A system that minimises pH changes on addition of small amounts of an acid or a base.
What is a conjugate acid?
A species that releases a proton to form a conjugate base
What is a conjugate base?
A species that accepts a proton to form a conjugate acid.
What is meant by the term end point?
The point in a titration where the indicator changes colour; the end point indicates when the reaction is just complete.
What is meant by the term neutralisation?
A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react together to produce a salt.
What is meant by the term oxidation?
Loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation number.
What is meant by the term oxidation number?
A measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element. Oxidation numbers are derived form a set of rules
What is meant by the term oxidation state?
Oxidation number
What is meant by the term oxidation agent?
A reagent that oxidises (takes electrons from) another species
What is meant by the term redox reaction?
A reaction involving reduction and oxidation.
What is meant by the term reducing agent?
A reagent that reduces (adds electron to) another species
What is meant by the term reduction?
Gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation number.
What is meant by the term salt?
The product of a reaction in which the H− ions from the acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions.
What is meant by the term strong acid?
An acid that dissociates completely in solution
What is meant by the term titre?
The volume added from the burette when the volume of one solution has exactly reacted with the other solution.
What is meant by the term weak acid?
An acid that dissociates partially in solution
What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid?
A species that is a proton, H+, donor.
